Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 231-596-2 | CAS number: 7647-10-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sensitisation data (human)
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sensitisation data (humans)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published paper. No standard guideline available, but data appear scientifically acceptable.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Occupational hypersensitivity to metal salts, including platinum, in the secondary industry.
- Author:
- Cristaudo A, Sera F, Severino V, De Rocco M, Di Lella E and Picardo M.
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- Allergy 60, 159-164
Materials and methods
- Type of sensitisation studied:
- respiratory
- skin
- Study type:
- survey
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypersensitivity (skin prick tests and patch tests) to palladium dichloride (and other platinum group elements) among 153 workers in a catalyst production plant.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Palladium dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-596-2
- EC Name:
- Palladium dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7647-10-1
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Pd
- IUPAC Name:
- palladium dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): palladium chloride (PdCl2)
- Analytical purity: >99.2%
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 153
- Sex: 137 men; 16 women
- Age: 21 to 60 years, average of 34.
- Race: no data
- Demographic information: Workers employed at a large industrial complex in the outskirts of Rome.
- Other: Length of employment ranged from 1 to 360 months. - Clinical history:
- - History of allergy or casuistics for study subject or populations: Forty subjects (about 26%) had positive skin prick tests to common inhalants (mostly pollens and house dust mites)
- Symptoms, onset and progress of the disease: Clinical symptoms of the employees included conjuctivitus, rhinitis, asthma, urticaria and eczema.
- Exposure history: Eleven workers were described as white collar employees (with no exposure to PGEs), 105 as low exposure to PGEs (including palladium dichloride), and 37 with high exposure.
- Aggravating factors both in home and workplace: no data
- Family history: no data.
- Medical history (for respiratory hypersensitivity): Clinical symptoms of employees included rhinitis and asthma
- Any other allergic or airway disorders: no data
- Smoking history: Of the workers (n=142) with either low or high prior exposure to PGEs, 69 were non-smokers and 73 were smokers. - Controls:
- Eleven white collar workers (office personnel)
- Route of administration:
- dermal
- Details on study design:
- TYPE OF TEST(S) USED: patch test (epicutaneous test) and skin prick test;
ADMINISTRATION
- Type of application: Patch test
- Description of patch: Patch tests were carried out with “Al-test on Leukotest”.
- Vehicle / solvent: aqueous solutions
- Concentrations: (10-3 M).
- Volume applied: 15 ul
- Testing/scoring schedule: A first reading was carried out after 25 minutes in subjects with urticaria, and then at day 2.
- Removal of test substance: no data
EXAMINATIONS
- Grading/Scoring system: Readings were scored following international guidelines (no further details)
- Statistical analysis: A contingency table of outcome (allergy to platinum group elements) versus the k levels of the independent variable was produced. In addition to the chi-square test, the investigators estimated the prevalence odds ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) using the level with lower prevalence as the reference group.
TYPE AND DETAILS OF TEST(S) USED
- Skin prick test: Were performed by placing a small amount of freshly prepared aqueous solution of palladium dichloride (10-3-10-6 M) on the volar surface of the forearm and passing a disposable hypodermic needle through the drop and into the epidermal surface. Readings were scored after 25 minutes and two days according to international guidelines.
Results and discussion
- Results of examinations:
- NO. OF PERSONS WITH/OUT REACTIONS COMPARED TO STUDY POPULATION
- Number of subjects with positive reactions: Positive skin prick tests to platinum group elements (PGEs) at various concentrations was seen in 22 (14%) of 153 workers. Of these 22 subjects, none had positive skin prick reactions to palladium dichloride, although one had a positive skin patch test result. This subject had been pre-diagnosed with work-related asthma and eczema, and also rhinitis, bit there was no clinical history of urticaria.
- Number of subjects with negative reactions: 153/153 workers did not have positive reactions following skin prick tests to palladium dichloride. 152/153 workers did not have a positive reaction fallowing patch tests with palladium dichloride.
- Number of subjects with irritating reactions: no data
OTHER RESULTS: No positive reactions to rhodium trichloride (or any of the other tested PGEs) were seen in the white collar workers
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Skin patch tests produced a positive reaction to palladium dichloride in one worker out of 142 with prior exposure to PGE. No positive reactions were seen following skin prick tests with palladium dichloride in these 142 workers, and no positive skin reactions (following prick tests or patch tests) to palladium dichloride were seen in eleven office personnel with no prior exposure to PGEs.
- Executive summary:
In an attempt to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypersensitivity to certain platinum group elements (PGEs), 153 workers employed at a catalyst production plant in Rome were skin prick tested and patch tested with palladium dichloride (and also certain platinum, iridium and rhodium chlorides). Eleven of these workers were described as “white collar” employees (office personnel with no prior PGE exposure), 105 with low prior exposure to PGEs, and 37 with high prior exposure to PGEs. Prick test and patch test readings were scored according to international guidelines, 25 minutes and two days after skin testing.
Positive skin prick tests to PGEs at various concentrations were seen in 22 (14%) of the 153 workers. Of these 22 subjects with positive reactions, none reacted to skin prick tests with aqueous solutions of palladium dichloride (10 -3 -10 -6M), but one gave a positive skin patch test result (to palladium dichloride at 10 -2M). This subject had been pre-diagnosed with work-related asthma and eczema, and also rhinitis (suggesting possible work-related skin and respiratory sensitization). There was no history of urticaria.
Skin patch tests produced a positive reaction to palladium dichloride in one worker out of 142 with prior exposure to PGE. No positive reactions were seen following skin prick tests with palladium dichloride in these 142 workers, and no positive skin reactions (following prick tests or patch tests) to palladium dichloride were seen in eleven office personnel with no prior exposure to PGEs.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.