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EC number: 246-140-8 | CAS number: 24304-00-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- genetic toxicity in vivo, other
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: other: review article results of various in vitro and in vivo studies are reported
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
Reference
- Endpoint:
- genetic toxicity in vivo, other
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: other: review article results of various in vitro and in vivo studies are reported
- Type of information:
- other: Scientific review
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Review article
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Various studies cited in a review article
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: Various studies cited in a review article
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results evaluated in a weight-of-evidence approach it can be stated that aluminium compounds have an anti-genotoxic potential.
- Executive summary:
In a review article by Krewski et al., 2007 several in vivo studies regarding the genotoxic potential of aluminum compounds are summarized. For aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate the results of 2 studies each depicts a similar picture as the in vitro tests, with observed genotoxicity upon high dosage levels, but not upon lower doses. The 2 studies with aluminum sulfate were performed by Roy et al., 1992 and Dhir et al., 1993 using between 100-500 mg/kg bw. The author reported an increase in micronucleated polychromatic peripheral erythrocytes 24 hours after a second aluminum dose of 500 mg/kg bw but not upon 250 mg/kg bw. Dhir et al., 1993 reported sister chromatin exchange, detected by bromodeoxyuridine, 24 hours after injection in male Swiss albino mice. For aluminum chloride, positive findings were reported in a preliminary study by Manna and Das, 1972 using 10-100 mmol/mouse i.p. causing chromosome aberrations. In contrast, Spotheim-Maurizot et al., 1992 did not observe genotoxic effects of aluminum chloride upon doses of 0.2 mM.
A short term study using aluminum nitrilotriacetate complex administered i.p. at a dosage of 7 mg/Al/kg caused no changes in the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosie within 24-48 hours (Umemura et al., 1990). A 1.2% aluminum clofibrate content in the diet of F-344 rats raised within 1 -12 month the hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme activity. Such effects are known for clofibrate, and therefore are not related to aluminum (Takagi et al., 1990).
Some other positive findings are summarized in the review of Krewski et al., 2007 in which complex mixtures that entailed aluminum were analyzed. These positive findings may, however, rather relate to the non-aluminum fractions of the mixtures. In the study by Bauer et al., 1995 vacuum pump oils contaminated with waste products from a BC13/C12 aluminum plasma etching process were given to female Wistar rats and the approximated aluminum concentration was only 2000 ppb. Another mixture study was performed by Sivikova and Dianovsky, 1995 administering ionic forms of metals from an aluminum refining plant in distilled water for one year to sheep. The total aluminum concentration delivered was 1.1 or 2.4 mmol/Al/animal/day. Only the higher dose resulted in an increase of sister chromatin exchanges in the cultures lymphocytes.
Thus, in summary of the reported studies using various aluminum compounds, the author stated, that in agreement with their non-carcinogenic activity, aluminum compounds failed to show positive results in most short-term and animal experiments to determine genotoxic potential of aluminum compounds lead to contradictory results with a suggestion of an anti-genotoxic potential.
Data source
Materials and methods
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium nitride
- EC Number:
- 246-140-8
- EC Name:
- Aluminium nitride
- Cas Number:
- 24304-00-5
- Molecular formula:
- AlN
- IUPAC Name:
- alumanylidyneamine
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results evaluated in a weight-of-evidence approach it can be stated that aluminium compounds have an anti-genotoxic potential.
- Executive summary:
In a review article by Krewski et al., 2007 several in vivo studies regarding the genotoxic potential of aluminum compounds are summarized. For aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate the results of 2 studies each depicts a similar picture as the in vitro tests, with observed genotoxicity upon high dosage levels, but not upon lower doses. The 2 studies with aluminum sulfate were performed by Roy et al., 1992 and Dhir et al., 1993 using between 100-500 mg/kg bw. The author reported an increase in micronucleated polychromatic peripheral erythrocytes 24 hours after a second aluminum dose of 500 mg/kg bw but not upon 250 mg/kg bw. Dhir et al., 1993 reported sister chromatin exchange, detected by bromodeoxyuridine, 24 hours after injection in male Swiss albino mice. For aluminum chloride, positive findings were reported in a preliminary study by Manna and Das, 1972 using 10-100 mmol/mouse i.p. causing chromosome aberrations. In contrast, Spotheim-Maurizot et al., 1992 did not observe genotoxic effects of aluminum chloride upon doses of 0.2 mM.
A short term study using aluminum nitrilotriacetate complex administered i.p. at a dosage of 7 mg/Al/kg caused no changes in the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosie within 24-48 hours (Umemura et al., 1990). A 1.2% aluminum clofibrate content in the diet of F-344 rats raised within 1 -12 month the hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme activity. Such effects are known for clofibrate, and therefore are not related to aluminum (Takagi et al., 1990).
Some other positive findings are summarized in the review of Krewski et al., 2007 in which complex mixtures that entailed aluminum were analyzed. These positive findings may, however, rather relate to the non-aluminum fractions of the mixtures. In the study by Bauer et al., 1995 vacuum pump oils contaminated with waste products from a BC13/C12 aluminum plasma etching process were given to female Wistar rats and the approximated aluminum concentration was only 2000 ppb. Another mixture study was performed by Sivikova and Dianovsky, 1995 administering ionic forms of metals from an aluminum refining plant in distilled water for one year to sheep. The total aluminum concentration delivered was 1.1 or 2.4 mmol/Al/animal/day. Only the higher dose resulted in an increase of sister chromatin exchanges in the cultures lymphocytes.
Thus, in summary of the reported studies using various aluminum compounds, the author stated, that in agreement with their non-carcinogenic activity, aluminum compounds failed to show positive results in most short-term and animal experiments to determine genotoxic potential of aluminum compounds lead to contradictory results with a suggestion of an anti-genotoxic potential.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
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