Esterification products of dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, C16-24 (even numbered) alkenyl with propane-1,2,3-triol and propane-1,2,3-triol oligomers

Endpoint summary

Additional information

Acute toxicity

Fish

A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test item to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1992) No 203, "Fish, Acute Toxicity Test" referenced as Method C.1 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008.

In accordance with the recommendations of REACh, the test was conducted according to the threshold approach recommended by ECHA. Using this approach the lowest EC50 value from either the Algal Growth Inhibition test or Acute Toxicity to Daphnia magna study is set as the threshold concentration and a "Limit test" is conducted at this threshold concentration. If no mortalities are observed this indicates that fish are not the most sensitive species and that the LC50 is greater than the threshold concentration. Therefore, as the EC50 values obtained for both the Acute Toxicity to Daphnia magna study and the Algal Growth Inhibition study (Harlan Study Numbers 41204772 and 41204767 respectively) were greater than 100 mg/L, the test was conducted at a single concentration of 100 mg/L to ensure that toxicity was not observed at this concentration.

Seven fish were exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test item, at a single concentration of 100 mg/L for a period of 96 hours at a temperature of approximately 14 °C under semi-static test conditions. The number of mortalities and any sub-lethal effects of exposure in each test and control vessel were determined 3 and 6 hours after the start of exposure and then daily throughout the test until termination after 96 hours.

Analysis of the test preparations at 0 and 72 hours (fresh media) and at 24 and 96 hours (old media) showed measured test concentrations to range from 96% to 100% of nominal and so the results are based on nominal test concentrations only. Exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the test item gave an LC50 value of greater than 100 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 100 mg/L. It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 100 mg/L.

Daphnia magna

A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna. The method followed was designed to becompatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (April 2004) No 202, "Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test" referenced as Method C.2 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008.

Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test item at concentrations of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L for 48 hours at a temperature of approximately 21 °C under semi-static test conditions. The numbers of immobilized Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.

Analysis of the freshly prepared 100 mg/L media at 0 and 24 hours showed measured concentrations of 92 and 91 mg/L respectively. Analysis of the old or expired media at 24 and 48 hours for the 100 mg/L test preparation showed measured concentrations of 90 and 91 mg/L respectively. As near nominal concentrations were obtained it was considered justifiable to base the results on nominal concentrations only. Exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item gave EC50 values of greater than 100 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 100 mg/L.

Algae

A study was performed to assess the effect of the test item on the growth of the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (2006) No 201, "Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test" referenced as Method C.3 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 761/2009.

Following a preliminary range-finding test, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test item at concentrations of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (three replicate flasks per concentration) for 72 hours, under constant illumination and shaking at a temperature of 24 ± 1 °C. Samples of the algal populations were removed daily and cell concentrations determined for each control and treatment group, using a haemocytometer and light microscope.

Analysis of the 32 and 100 mg/L test preparations at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours showed measured test concentrations to range from 88% to 103% of nominal and so the results are based on nominal test concentrations only. Exposure of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to the test item gave EC50 values of greater than 100 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 100 mg/L.

Inhibition of sewage sludge micro-organisms

A study was performed to assess the effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (2010) No. 209 "Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation)".

Activated sewage sludge was exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test item at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (3 replicates of the 1000 mg/L test concentration) for a period of 3 hours at a temperature of approximately 20°C with the addition of a synthetic sewage as a respiratory substrate. The rate of respiration was determined after 3 hours contact time and compared to data for the control and a reference item, 3,5-dichlorophenol.

The effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3-Hour EC50 value of greater than 1000 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 1000 mg/L. It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 1000 mg/L.