Hydrogen [29H,31H-phthalocyaninesulphonato(3-)-N29,N30,N31,N32]cuprate(1-)

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The substance is not irritating to skin in the in-vitro assay (OECD 439, GLP). It is highly irritating in the in-vitro assay for eye irritation (BCOP, GLP)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2014-2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP Guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Version / remarks:

July 22, 2010

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: B.46: In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test; Official Journal of the European Union, No. L 193

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Species:

other: in vitro test on three dimensional human epidermis model (EpiDerm™ model which consists of normal human-derived epidermal keratinocytes cultured to form a multi layered, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis.)

Strain:

other: not applicable

Type of coverage:

other: not applicable

Preparation of test site:

other: not applicable

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: not applicable (in vitro test)

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 25 µL bulk volume (about 5 mg)

Duration of treatment / exposure:

1 hour followed by a 42-hours post-incubation period

Observation period:

not applicable (in vitro test)

Number of animals:

not applicable (in vitro test)

Details on study design:

Test system:
- In vitro test system on three dimensional human epidermis models. The EpiDermTM model consists of normal, human-derived epidermal keratinocytes cultured to form a multi layered, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis. It consists of organized basal, spinous and granular layers, and a multi-layered stratum corneum containing intercellular lamellar lipid layers arranged in patterns analogous to those found in vivo.
- The test system is based on the experience that irritant chemicals produce cytotoxicity in human reconstructed epidermis after a 1-hour topical exposure and about 42 hours postincubation.

Material and technical equipment:
- EpiDerm™ 200 kit: MatTek Corp., Bratislava, Slovakia containing 24 Epi-200 tissues (reconstructed epidermis): surface 0.6 cm² cultured in Millicells® diameter 1 cm.

Controls:
- Negative control (NC): 30 μL PBS, sterile
- Positive control (PC): 30 µL 5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Sigma, Germany) in deionized water, sterile

Experimental procedure:
- Direct MTT reduction:
To assess the ability of the test material to directly reduce MTT a pretest was performed. Thereby, the test substance was added to 0.9 mL of the MTT solution. A negative control (de-ionized water) was tested concurrently. If the MTT solution colour or, in case of water-insoluble test substances the border to the water-phase, turned blue / purple, the test substance was presumed to directly reduce MTT. The direct reduction of MTT by a test substance interferes with the colour density produced by metabolic capacity of the tissue and would falsify the test results.
- Basic procedure:
Three tissues were treated with the test substance, the PC and NC, respectively.
• 25 μL sterile PBS was applied first. Thereafter, a bulk volume of 25 μL of the solid test material was applied with a sharp spoon and homogeneously distributed together with the fluid.
• 1 hour after start of application of the test material to the stratum corneum surface of the EpiDermTM tissue, residual test material was removed with sterile PBS and the surface of each tissue was dried. Subsequently, the tissues were incubated at 37°C for 24 ± 2 hours, transferred into new 6-well plates pre-filled with 0.9 mL of fresh medium and thereafter placed into the incubator for additional 18 ± 2 hours post-incubation period.
• After the postincubation period induced tissue destruction (cytotoxicity = loss of viability) was determined by measuring the metabolic activity of the tissue using a colourimetric assay. Thereby, cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The mitochondrial dehydrogenase reduces the yellow coloured water-soluble 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to the insoluble blue coloured formazan. After isopropanol extraction of the formazan from the tissues, the optical densitiy of the extract is determined spectrophotometrically. Optical density of the extracts of test substance treated tissues is compared to negative control values and expressed as relative tissue viability.

Acceptance criteria:
In case one of the below given acceptance criteria is not covered, repetition of the test is considered.
- Assay acceptance criterion for the negative control (NC): The absolute OD570 of the negative control tissues in the MTT-test is an indicator of tissue viability obtained in the testing laboratory after the shipping and storing procedure and under specific conditions of the assay. Tissue viability is acceptable if the mean OD570 of the NC is ≥ 1.0. The mean OD570 of the NC should not exceed 2.5.
- Assay acceptance criterion for the positive control (PC): 5% SDS is used as PC and reflects the sensitivity of the tissues used in the test conditions. A viability of ≤ 20% is acceptable.
- Assay acceptance criterion for tissue variability: For every treatment, 3 tissues are treated in parallel. The inter-tissue variability is considered to be acceptable if the SD of %-viability is ≤ 20.

Evaluation criteria:
- Irritant potential of the test materials is predicted from the mean relative tissue viabilities compared to the negative control tissues concurrently treated with sterile PBS. A chemical is considered as "irritant", if the mean relative tissue viability with a test material is less than or equal to 50%

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

other: other: viability (%)

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

Basis: mean. Time point: 1 h. Max. score: 102.7. Reversibility: other: not applicable. Remarks: In Vitro Skin Irritation. (migrated information)

Irritant / corrosive response data:

The test substance is not able to reduce MTT directly.

Other effects:

No other effects were observed.

Interpretation of results:

not irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2014-2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP Guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Species:

other: in vitro test on isolated bovine cornea

Strain:

other: not applicable

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: not applicable

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): The solid test substance could not be prepared as a homogeneous 20% preparation in de-ionized water. Therefore 100 mg of the undiluted test substance was applied directly to the epithelial surface of the cornea covering the whole surface of the cornea.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

4 hours

Observation period (in vivo):

not applicable (in vitro test)

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

not applicable (in vitro test); each treatment group consisted of 3 corneas

Details on study design:

TEST SYSTEM:
- Isolated bovine cornea: Target system is the isolated bovine cornea. Bovine eyes are obtained as a by-product of freshly slaughtered cattle (age of the animals: minimum 12 months, maximum 60 months).

OBJECTIVE:
- Corneal opacity was measured quantitatively as the amount of light transmission through the cornea.
- Permeability was measured quantitatively as the amount of sodium fluorescein dye that passes across the full thickness of the cornea.
- Both measurements were used to calculate an In Vitro Irritancy Score of the test substance relative to the control corneas.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
- Preparation of the bovine corneas and measurement of initial corneal opacity:
• Corneas free of defects (opacity, scratches, pigmentation etc.) were dissected with a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera and isolated corneas were mounted in corneal holders consisting of anterior and posterior chambers. Both chambers were filled to excess with Eagles's MEM (without phenol red) and then equilibrated in a vertical position at about 32 °C for at least 1 hour.
• After the equilibration period the medium in both chambers was replaced with fresh medium and initial corneal opacity readings were taken for each cornea with an opacitometer. Any corneas that show macroscopic tissue damage or an opacity value < 512 opacity units were discarded.

- Application of the test substance and washing
• Before application the medium in the anterior chamber was removed using a syringe.
Thereafter, 100 mg of the test substance was applied directly to the epithelial surface of the cornea covering the whole surface of the cornea (open chamber method). Subsequently, the corneas were incubated at about 32 °C for approximately 4 hours (non-surfactant solids).

Control tissues:
• Negative control, NC: 750 μL of de-ionized water
• Positive control, PC: 750 μL of 20% (w/v) solution of Imidazole in de-ionized water

• After the incubation period, NC and PC were removed from the anterior chamber using a syringe and the epithelium was washed at least 3 times with Eagle’s MEM (containing phenol red) and once with Eagle’s MEM (without phenol red). Both chambers were then refilled with fresh Eagle’s MEM (without phenol red).
The epithelium of the test substance treated corneas was rinsed with the open chamber method.

- Measurement of final corneal opacity
• Before measurement, each cornea was observed visually and observations were recorded. Final corneal opacity readings were taken for each cornea with an opacitometer.

- Determination of permeability
• For determination of permeability the medium in the anterior chamber was replaced by sodium fluorescein solution (5 mg/mL for solid test substances) and incubated for 90 ± 5 min at about 32 °C. The amount of sodium fluorescein that permeated through the corneas into the posterior chamber was measured spectrophotometrically. Three aliquots per cornea were transferred to a 96-well microtiter plate and the optical density (OD490) was determined.

DATA EVALUATION
The mean corneal opacity and permeability values of each treatment group were used to calculate an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS).

- Calculation of the corneal opacity value:
First, the opacity was calculated using the opacitometer specific algorithm:
• opacity value = a * Io/I + b
a and b: device specific;
Io: illuminance (lux) through the empty corneal holder with windows and liquid
I: illuminance (lux) through the holder with the cornea

Then the opacity change per cornea was calculated by subtracting the initial from the final
• opacity (opacity change per cornea = final opacity - initial opacity).

Subsequently, the corrected opacity change was calculated by subtracting the mean opacity change of the negative control
• corrected opacity change = opacity change - mean opacity change of NC).

Finally, the mean opacity value for each test substance could be determined as the mean of all corrected opacity changes per treatment group
• mean opacity value = mean of all corrected opacity changes per group).

- Calculation of permeability value:
First, the OD490 value was calculated by subtracting the mean blank OD490 (blank = Eagle´s MEM w/o phenol red) from the OD490 of each cornea.
• OD490 value = OD490 - mean blank OD490

If the OD490 value of the treated cornea was above 1.5, the OD490 of a 1:5 dilution was used to calculate the OD490 value:
• OD490 value = 5 * (OD490 of a 1:5 dilution - mean blank OD490)

Subsequently, the corrected OD490 value was calculated by subtracting the mean OD490 value of the negative control.
• corrected OD490 value = OD490 value - mean OD490 value of NC

Finally, the mean OD490 value for each test substance could be determined as the mean of all corrected OD490 values per treatment group.
• mean OD490 value = mean of all corrected OD490 values per group

- Calculation of the In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
The IVIS could be calculated per treated cornea and finally the mean IVIS per treatment group ± standard deviation was determined:
• IVIS per cornea = corrected opacity change + 15 * corrected permeability OD change
• IVIS per treatment group = mean opacity value + 15 * mean permeability OD value

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
- In case one of the below given acceptance criteria is not covered, repetition of the test was considered.
• A study is considered acceptable if the positive control gives an IVIS that falls within two standard deviations of the current historical mean.
• The negative control responses should result in opacity and permeability values that are less than the established upper limits.
• Since the IVIS per treatment group is determined from the mean of three single corneas, the variability between the corneas treated per test substance should be acceptably low. If no clear prediction is possible, e.g. different predictions are obtained for single corneas, the test will be repeated.

EVALUATION OF RESULTS
- Rules for assessment:
IVIS > 55: risk of serious damage to the eyes
IVIS ≤ 55: no risk of serious damage to the eyes

Irritation parameter:

other: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 4 h

Score:

102

Reversibility:

other: not applicable

Remarks on result:

other: in vitro test on isolated bovine cornea; IVIS > 55 is considered as causing irreversible damage to eyes.

Irritation parameter:

other: mean permeability value

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 4h

Score:

0.004

Irritation parameter:

other: mean opacity value

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 4h

Score:

102

Irritant / corrosive response data:

IVIS NC (water): 8.6
IVIS PS (20% imidazole): 106

Other effects:

No other effects.

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria

Remarks:

Migrated information

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Effects on eye irritation: highly irritating