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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000-02-07 until 2000-02-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.4400 (Aquatic Plant Toxicity Test using Lemna spp. Tiers I & II))
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Mean measured concentrations of the 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were 0.31, 0.86, 2.95, 10.18 and 34.5 mg /L, corresponding to 0.16, 0.44, 1.51, 5.20 and 17.63 mg ai/L and ranged from 76 to 109 % of nominal concentrations.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- No vehicle
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period
- Hardness:
- Not indicated
- Test temperature:
- All chemical and physical parameters (pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges.
- pH:
- All chemical and physical parameters (pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not indicated
- Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Test concentrations of 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 and 32.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L.
Mean measured concentrations of the 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were 0.31, 0.86, 2.95, 10.18 and 34.5 mg /L, corresponding to 0.16, 0.44, 1.51, 5.20 and 17.63 mg ai/L and ranged from 76 to 109 % of nominal concentrations. - Details on test conditions:
- The effects of SKW Cyanamid L500 (a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) on Lemna gibba G3 was determined in 20XAAP nutrient medium. Three replicates at test concentrations of 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 and 32.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L, were incubated for 7 days and frond counts were taken on days 3, 5 and 7, corresponding to 0.16, 0.51, 1.64, 5.11 and 16.35 mg ai/L. Additionally, a control was tested in parallel. The samples of the test medium were analysed by a HPLC method using an UV/VIS-detector.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.33 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.61 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: dry weight
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: dry weight
- Details on results:
- The doubling time of fronds in the controls was 1.7 d (39.5 h) and thus less than 2.5 d (60 h), corresponding to an approximately 19-fold increase in 7 days.The test item had a statistically significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Lemna gibba after the exposure of 7 days first at the nominal concentration of 3.2 mg test item/L, corresponding to 1.63 mg ai/L. The 7-day NOEC was determined at the nominal concentration of 1 mg test item/L, corresponding to 0.51 mg ai/L, since up to and including this test concentration the mean biomass, mean growth rates and the dry weight of Lemna gibba were not significantly lower than in the control. At the nominal test concentrations of 0.32 to 3.2 mg/L, corresponding to 0.163 to 1.63 mg ai/l, the shape of fronds and colonies after the test period of 7 days was not different to those in the control. However, at the two highest test concentrations of 10.0 and 32.0 mg/L (5.1 and 16.35 mg ai/L), the fronds were pale and small.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The test groups were significantly different from controls according to the Dunnett-test criteria, p < 0.05.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Growth inhibition values obtained with the 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide on Lemna gibba were as follows: Considering the area under the growth curve (biomass), a 7-day EC50 of 4.56 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (2.33 mg as/L) was calculated, the corresponding NOEC was 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg as/L). With respect to the growth rate, the 7-day EC50 was 10.98 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (5.61 mg as/L) and the respective NOEC was 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg as/L). Finally, for the dry weight a 7-day EC50 of 4.7 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (2.4 mg as/L) was determined with a corresponding NOEC of 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg as/L).
- Executive summary:
The effects of SKW Cyanamid L500 (a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) on Lemna gibba G3 was determined in 20XAAP nutrient medium. Three replicates at test concentrations of 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 and 32.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L, were incubated for 7 days. All chemical and physical parameters (pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. In the test medium the test item was sufficiently stable during the test period of 7 days. Therefore, all reported biological results are related to the nominal concentrations of the test item. The test item had a statistically significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Lemna gibba after the exposure of 7 days first at the nominal concentration of 3.2 mg test item/L, corresponding to 1.63 mg ai/L. The 7-day NOEC was determined at the nominal concentration of 1 mg test item/L, corresponding to 0.51 mg ai/L, since up to and including this test concentration the mean biomass, mean growth rates and the dry weight of Lemna gibba were not significantly lower than in the control. At the nominal test concentrations of 0.32 to 3.2 mg/L, corresponding to 0.163 to 1.63 mg ai/l, the shape of fronds and colonies after the test period of 7 days was not different to those in the control. However, at the two highest test concentrations of 10.0 and 32.0 mg/L (5.1 and 16.35 mg ai/L), the fronds were pale and small. A 7-day EC50 of 4.56 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (2.33 mg as/L) was calculated, the corresponding NOEC was 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg as/L). With respect to the growth rate, the 7-day EC50 was 10.98 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (5.61 mg as/L) and the respective NOEC was 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg as/L). Finally, for the dry weight a 7-day EC50 of 4.7 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of Cyanamide/L (2.4 mg as/L) was determined with a corresponding NOEC of 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg as/L).
Reference
In the test medium the test item was sufficiently stable during the test period of 7 days. Therefore, all reported biological results are related to the nominal concentrations of the test item.
Analytical determination of concentrations tested:
Nominal concentrations of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L) | Test concentration (% of nominal) samples taken after | |
0 d | 7 d | |
0.32 | 100.0 | 90.6 |
1.0 | 92.0 | 79.0 |
3.2 | 93.8 | 90.6 |
10.0 | 102.5 | 101.0 |
32.0 | 107.3 | 108.6 |
Effect of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of Cyanamide on the growth and reproduction of Lemna gibba:
Nominal concentrations of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg /L) | 7-day mean frond number | 7-day mean dry weight (mg) | Inhibition (%) | |||
Frond number | Dry weight | Area under the growth rate curve | Growth rate | |||
Control | 227.7 | 25.67 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
0.32 | 218.3 | 26.20 | 4.1 | -2.2 | 3.1 | 1.4 |
1.0 | 205.7 | 25.87 | 5.8 | -0.8 | 11.0 | 3.5 |
3.2 | 105.3 | 17.03 | 48.8 | 35.0* | 47.7* | 26.3* |
10.0 | 50.0 | 6.33 | 52.5 | 78.4* | 71.7* | 51.5* |
32.0 | 28.3 | 3.25 | 43.4 | 90.9* | 88.0* | 70.9* |
Acute toxicity (7 d) of Cyanamide to Lemna gibba–Summary of endpoints:
Endpoint | Nominal concentration of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide |
Biomass (area under growth curve): |
|
EC50 | 4.56 mg/L (2.33 mg as/L) |
No observed effect concentration (NOEC) | 1.0 mg/L (0.5 mg as/L) |
Growth rate: |
|
EC50 | 10.98 mg/L (5.61 mg as/L) |
No observed effect concentration (NOEC) | 1.0 mg/L (0.5 mg as/L) |
Dry weight: |
|
EC50 4.7 mg/L | (2.4 mg as/L) |
No observed effect concentration (NOEC) | 1.0 mg/L (0.5 mg as/L) |
Description of key information
The toxicity of cyanamide to aquatic plants (Lemna gibba G3) was examined in one available study. The effects of cyanamide were investigated in Lemna gibba G3 in a 7 day test. The calculated endpoint values were as follows: 7 day EC50 (dry weight) = 2.4 mg ai/L and a corresponding NOEC = 0.5 mg ai/L, a 7 day EC50 (biomass) = 2.33 mg ai/L and a corresponding NOEC = 0.5 mg ai../L, a EC50 (growth rate) = 5.61 mg ai/L and a corresponding NOEC = 0.5 mg ai/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 5.61 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 0.5 mg/L
Additional information
Toxicity of cyanamide (SKW Cyanamid L500 (a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide)) to aquatic plants was examined in one available study. The effects of cyanamide were investigated in Lemna gibba G3 and determined in 20XAAP nutrient medium. Three replicates at test concentrations of 0.32, 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 and 32.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L, were incubated for 7 days. All chemical and physical parameters (pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. In the test medium the test item was sufficiently stable during the test period of 7 days. Therefore, all reported biological results are related to the nominal concentrations of the test item. The test item had a statistically significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Lemna gibba after exposure of 7 days first at the nominal concentration of 3.2 mg test item/L, corresponding to 1.63 mg ai/L. The 7-day NOEC was determined at the nominal concentration of 1 mg test item/L, corresponding to 0.51 mg ai/L, since up to and including this test concentration the mean biomass, mean growth rates and the dry weight of Lemna gibba were not significantly lower than in the control. At the nominal test concentrations of 0.32 to 3.2 mg/L, corresponding to 0.163 to 1.63 mg ai/l, the shape of fronds and colonies after the test period of 7 days was not different to those in the control. However, at the two highest test concentrations of 10.0 and 32.0 mg/L (5.1 and 16.35 mg ai/L), the fronds were pale and small.
A 7-day EC50 of 4.56 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (2.33 mg ai/L) was calculated, the corresponding NOEC was 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg ai/L). With respect to the growth rate, the 7-day EC50 was 10.98 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (5.61 mg ai/L) and the respective NOEC was 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg ai/L). Finally, for the dry weight a 7-day EC50 of 4.7 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (2.4 mg ai/L) was determined with a corresponding NOEC of 1.0 mg of a 51.1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (0.5 mg ai/L).
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