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EC number: 235-819-4 | CAS number: 12777-87-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted in GLP conformity and according to internationally accepted guidelines.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Expanded Graphite Powder
- IUPAC Name:
- Expanded Graphite Powder
- Details on test material:
- Batch Number: 2205/09Purity (main component): 96.45 % (CoA)
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The concentration in the test vessels with test item was 12.5, 37.5, 112.5, 337.5 and 1012.5 mg Expanded Graphite Powder per liter nominal loading, respectively.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh samples of activated sludge are withdrawn on March 17th, 2010 from the sewage treatment plant Ruhrverband Kläranlage, Sunthelle 6, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany, which is mainly fed with municipal wastewater. On return to the laboratory the mixed liquor suspended solids level of the sludge was adjusted on about 4.1 g/L by adding tap water. The solution was kept aerated at 20 ± 2 °C until test start. The concentration used in the test was 1.64 g dry mass/litre.
Study design
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- pH 6.8
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The concentration in the test vessels with test item was 12.5, 37.5, 112.5, 337.5 and 1012.5 mg Expanded Graphite Powder per liter nominal loading, respectively.
- Details on test conditions:
- Test vessels were 1 L conical glass flasks. The volume of the test solution in each vessel was 500 mL.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 012.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 012.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC80
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 012.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Remarks:
- respiration rate
- Details on results:
- The results show, that up to and including a concentration of 1012.5 mg Expanded Graphite Powder per liter nominal loading, no loading depending effect on respiration rate occurred. With -9.6% to -14.9% inhibition, respiration rate of the inoculum was never inhibited more than +20 % at concentrations up to and including 1012.5 mg Expanded Graphite Powder per liter nominal loading when compared with the control. Probit analysis did not obtain a meaningful concentration/response dependence.The EC-values were assumed to be EC20 >1012.5 mg/L, EC50 >1012.5 mg/L, and EC80 >1012.5 mg/L, respectively, nominal loading.The test item showed no significant abiotic oxygen demand over the 3 h test period. The EC50 for the reference item was found to be 8 mg/L and therefore within the accepted range of 5 to 30 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50 of the reference item 3,5-dichlorophenol for respiration inhibition was between 5.0 and 30.0 mg/l.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Inhibition (%) of the respiration rate by the test item
Test concentration | ||||
12.5 mg/L | 37.5 mg/L | 112.5 mg/L | 337.5 mg/L | 1012.5 mg/L |
-12.2 % | -9.6 % | -14.9 % | -13.4 % | -14.3 % |
Table 2: Respiration rate (mg O2/(L*h)) after 3 h of incubation C1 and C2 = control; T1 – T5 = test assays with increasing concentrations (12.5 – 1012.5 mg/L nominal loading); AC = abiotic control; RI1, RI2 and RI3 = reference assays with 4, 12 and 36 mg 3,5-DCP per liter, respectively.
Vessel | ||||||||||
C1 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | AC | RI1 | RI2 | RI3 | C2 |
20.1 | 22.6 | 22.0 | 23.1 | 22.8 | 23.8 | 0.1 | 14.9 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 21.6 |
Table 3: Respiration inhibition (%) when compared to the mean respiration rate of the control assays T1 – T5 = test assays with increasing concentrations (12.5 – 1012.5 mg/L nominal loading); AC = abiotic control; RI1, RI2 and RI3 = reference assays with 4, 12 and 36 mg 3,5-DCP per liter, respectively.
Vessel | ||||||||
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | AC | RI1 | RI2 | RI3 |
-12.2 | -9.6 | -14.9 | -13.4 | -14.3 | 99.4 | 28.4 | 66.4 | 83.1 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test is considered valid, as - the pH of the test medium at test start was within the demanded range of 6.0 – 8.0 - the incubation temperature was within the demanded range of 20 ± 2 °C - the EC50 (3 hours) of 3,5-dichlorophenol is in the accepted ran
- Conclusions:
- There is no significant inhibition of bacterial respiration due to Expanded Graphite Powder up to and including a concentration of 1012.5 mg/L nominal loading. For the respiration rate the EC50 is > 1012.5 mg/L nominal loading.
- Executive summary:
At the Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology the effect of Expanded Graphite Powder on the respiration rate of an activated sludge according to the OECD guideline 209 and EC method C.11 was investigated. As inoculum microorganisms from a sewage treatment plant mainly fed with municipal wastewater were used. The test item was given to the synthetic sewage with a loading of 12.5, 37.5, 112.5, 337.5 and 1012.5 mg Expanded Graphite Powder per liter. The content of the vessels was stirred and aerated for 3 h at 20 ± 2 °C. Two replicates were prepared for controls (synthetic sewage and inoculum only), solitaire vessels were used for the treated assays. The respiration rate of the activated sludge in the controls and incubated with concentrations of 12.5 to 1012.5 mg Expanded Graphite Powder per liter was found to be within 20.1 and 23.8 mg O2/(L*h) after three hours. The respiration rate was not affected by the test item. The results show, that up to a concentration of 1012.5 mg Expanded Graphite Powder, no respiration inhibition greater than 20 % occurred.
The calculated EC-values are:
Parameter
EC20
EC50
EC80
Value [mg/L]
> 1012.5
> 1012.5
> 1012.5
lower 95%-cl
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
upper 95%-cl
n.d.
n.d.
n.d.
The EC50 of the reference item 3,5-dichlorophenol for respiration inhibition was between 5.0 and 30.0 mg/L. No important physical-chemical oxygen consumption by Expanded Graphite Powder was detected after three hours. The validity criterions concerning the reference item and the comparability of the controls were fulfilled. The statistical analyses confirmed that there were no statistically significant effects on respiration rate.
The EC50 Expanded Graphite Powder is > 1012.5 mg/L nominal loading.
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