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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-210-2 | CAS number: 7447-39-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable study report which meets basic scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 978
- Report date:
- 1978
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BASF Test
Before OECD Guideline 405 was established, eye irritation was tested using an internal method (BASF test). White Vienna rabbits were used. The test substance was applied to the conjunctival sac of the right eye of the animal. The adjacent eye was treated with talcum powder and served as a control. The animals were observed several times on the treatment day and 8 days afterwards and the findings were recorded on working days. The report usually describes findings after 1 and 24 hours and at the end of the observation period. Thus, for a final evaluation, the findings after 48 and 72 hours from the raw data have to be taken into account. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Copper chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-842-9
- EC Name:
- Copper chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7758-89-6
- Molecular formula:
- ClCu
- IUPAC Name:
- copper (I) chloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Kupfer-I-Chlorid
- Molecular formula: CuCl
- Molecular weight: 98.999
- Smiles notation: [Cu]Cl
- InChl: 1S/ClH.Cu/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
- Analytical purity: 98-99%
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 2.94 - 3.02 kg
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The left eye was treated with talcum powder and served as a control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: approx. 50 mg - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- unspecified
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 8 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- other: no effects
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- 2 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- other: no effects
Any other information on results incl. tables
Severe corneal opacity (grade 3), moderate conjunctival chemosis (grade 2) and necrotic lacrimation were observed in all animals 1 hour after application and persisted for the duration of the study (8 days). Additionally, bulbus loss were noted in all animals at the end of the observation period. The ocular reactions were not reversible within 8 days after application.
Animal |
Cornea |
Iris |
Conjunctivae |
Additional findings |
||
Redness |
Chemosis |
|||||
01 |
24 h |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
a, b |
48 h |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
a, b |
|
8 d |
|
|
|
|
a, b corrosion |
|
Mean score |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
|
02 |
24 h |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
a, b |
48 h |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
a, b |
|
8 d |
|
|
|
|
a, b corrosion |
|
Mean score |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
a = necrotic lacrimation
b = grey mucous and nictitating membrane
Justification for read-across from copper chloride to copper dichloride:
Acute toxicity, irritation and sensitisation data for copper dichloride have been read across from the closely analogous substance copper chloride. These substances are chemically similar; copper dichloride contains only cupric copper and ionic chlorine, whereas copper chloride contains cuprous copper and ionic chlorine. Available data on (cuprous) dicopper oxide and (cupric) copper oxide show that cuprous copper is inherently more acutely toxic and irritant than the cupric form (neither compound is a skin sensitiser). The results of an acute oral toxicity test available in the public literature (Singh and Junnarkar, 1991) confirm that this principle can also be applied to the cuprous and cupric chlorides. On this basis, and in order to minimise animal testing, a worst-case approach has been adopted in which data generated using copper choride has been directly read across to copper dichloride.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye)
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The test item causes serious eye damage.
Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC: Irritant (Xi). R41, risk of serious damage to eyes.
Classification according to CLP/GHS: Eye Damage 1, H318: Causes serious eye damage.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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