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EC number: 220-329-5 | CAS number: 2720-73-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Data waiving:
- other justification
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Effects of different concentrations of carbon disulphide on the embryonic development of frog investigated.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Microhyla ornata
- Details on test organisms:
- Fresh, naturally fertilized eggs of the frog Microhyla ornata were obtained from a local, unpolluted pond. The jelly was removed with forceps and the eggs were transferred to aged tapwater. Eggs in early gastrulation (dorsal lip) were then used in experimentation as per the procedure described earlier (Ghate, 1980 & 1983 a). 50 Embryos per concentration expodes.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- NR
- Test temperature:
- NR
- pH:
- NR
- Dissolved oxygen:
- NR
- Salinity:
- NR
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- SOLVENT
NAME: Ethanol
COMMENT: 1 ML CS2 TO 50 ML ALCOHOL - Details on test conditions:
- 4 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: no mortality / Development normal
8 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: no mortality / Hatching delayed by few hours / Tadpoles showed slightly abnormal notochord
12 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: no mortality / Hatching delayed 50% failed to hatch even at 96 hrs. / All were oedematic with wavy notochord
16 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: 90% mortality in 24 hrs. / All dead in 48 hrs.
20 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: 100% mortality in 24 hrs. - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC100
- Effect conc.:
- 126 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- The embryonic development of frogs was disturbed at a concentration of 126 mg CS2/L, with no hatching taking place (100% mortality) .
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The embryonic development of frogs was disturbed at a concentration of 126 mg CS2/L, with no hatching taking place (100% mortality) .
Potassium amyl xanthate readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of potassium amyl xanthate.
Referenceopen allclose all
4 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: no mortality / Development normal
8 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: no mortality / Hatching delayed by few hours / Tadpoles showed slightly abnormal notochord
12 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: no mortality / Hatching delayed 50% failed to hatch even at 96 hrs. / All were oedematic with wavy notochord
16 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: 90% mortality in 24 hrs. / All dead in 48 hrs.
20 µL CS2 / 100 mL aged tapwater: 100% mortality in 24 hrs.
Description of key information
Expert Judgement
Xanthates are used in the mining industry as flotation agents in the recovery of metal sulphides. The amount of xanthate used is very small relative to the quantity of ore treated, being approximately 250 to 350 g/tonne of ore.
During use, the solid Potassium amyl xanthate is mixed with water to form a dilute aqueous solution and typically concentrations in the order of 10% are used. The pH of the solution ranges from 7 to 11.
The flotation process is fully automated. The process takes place in open tanks and there is the potential for formation of carbon disulphide vapour. However, the concentration of Potassium amyl xanthate in the flotation tank is low and, therefore, the release of carbon disulphide would be expected to be low. Air monitoring data, although limited and of poor quality, indicate that the atmospheric levels of carbon disulphide are below 10 ppm in the flotation areas. The risk to workers during the flotation process is considered to be low.
Due to the absence of chemical groups or other structural alerts this substance is not considered to exhibit an high hazard potential.
The results suggest for potassium O-pentyl dithiocarbonate that direct and indirect exposure of other aquatic organisms is unlikely.
Therefore testing for Toxicity to other aquatic organisms does not need to be performed.
Additional information
Expert Judgement
Xanthates are used in the mining industry as flotation agents in the recovery of metal sulphides. The amount of xanthate used is very small relative to the quantity of ore treated, being approximately 250 to 350 g/tonne of ore.
During use, the solid Potassium amyl xanthate is mixed with water to form a dilute aqueous solution and typically concentrations in the order of 10% are used. The pH of the solution ranges from 7 to 11.
The flotation process is fully automated. The process takes place in open tanks and there is the potential for formation of carbon disulphide vapour. However, the concentration of Potassium amyl xanthate in the flotation tank is low and, therefore, the release of carbon disulphide would be expected to be low. Air monitoring data, although limited and of poor quality, indicate that the atmospheric levels of carbon disulphide are below 10 ppm in the flotation areas. The risk to workers during the flotation process is considered to be low.
Due to the absence of chemical groups or other structural alerts this substance is not considered to exhibit an high hazard potential.
The results suggest for potassium O-pentyl dithiocarbonate that direct and indirect exposure of other aquatic organisms is unlikely.
Therefore testing for Toxicity to other aquatic organisms does not need to be performed.
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