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EC number: 200-712-3 | CAS number: 69-72-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The method mainly follows the OECD guideline requirements with deviations (no reference substances, four concentrations tested). GLP and purity of the substance were not mentioned, and there is no analytical monitoring of the substance. But analysis of the results consider the potential pH effect on the toxicity.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Fate and effects of salicylic acid compounds in freshwater systems.
- Author:
- Wang WH and Lay JP
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 17 : 308-316
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- These test cycles were repeated six times.
Exposure time : 7 days.
EC0, EC50, and EC100 were determined for salicylic acid and
for salicylic acid + fulvic acid (10 mg/L).
EC0 and EC10 were determined for Na salicylate and Na
salicylate + fulvic acid (10 mg/L). - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Salicylic acid
- EC Number:
- 200-712-3
- EC Name:
- Salicylic acid
- Cas Number:
- 69-72-7
- Molecular formula:
- C7H6O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
- Details on test material:
- no data
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on test solutions:
- no data
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed
- culturing conditions: laboratory conditions
- culture medium: specific nutrient solution
no more data
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- no data
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- no data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations tested: 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: yes/no
- Test vessel: 2 L beakers filled with 200mL maximum of nutrient solution
- No. of colonies per vessel: 10 plants per vessel
- No. of fronds per colony: one-leaf stage plants
- No. of replicates : 3 replicates per concentrations and test cycles were repeated 6 times
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 12h light : 12 h dark
- Light intensity and quality: 115 µE/m²
TEST CONCENTRATION
-spacing factor : 2
- nominal concentrations tested : 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/L
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of biomass:
_ dry weight,
_ chlorophyll contents (extraction with alcohol 95% in darkness for 24 h)
_ number of leaves per test vessel - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 60 - 120 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: dry weight, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents
- Details on results:
- see freetext
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- no data
Any other information on results incl. tables
At 60 and 120 mg/l of salicylic acid reduced the final leaf number, the dry weight and the chlorophyll contents of L. minor (see table 1 below).
Chlorophyll contents in Lemna tissues and in water are negatively correlated.
The highest dose caused a rapid yellowing of leaves.
Table 1: Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, biomass and chlorophyll contents of L. minor. Values expressed as percentage of controls after 7 days exposure.
Nominal concentration of salicylic acid (mg/L)
|
No. of leaves
|
biomass (dry weight)
|
Chlorophyll content
|
|
Tissue |
water |
|||
15 |
94* |
100 |
102 |
160 |
30 |
96 |
90 |
100 |
180 |
60 |
90* |
75* |
75* |
220* |
120 |
20* |
15* |
3* |
* data significantly different from controls.
It was suggested in the article that additional toxic effect on the plants are likely at a pH below 5.
table 2 : pH values at different concentrations in salicylic acid and sodium salicylate
concentration in mg/L |
0 |
15 |
30 |
60 |
120 |
pH in salicylic acid solution |
6.74 |
6.60 |
6.42 |
5.92 |
3.66 |
pH in sodium salicylate solution |
6.89 |
6.92 |
7.00 |
7.14 |
7.38 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- not applicable no guideline followed and not enough data to assess validity criteria
- Conclusions:
- In the conditions tested, salicylic acid showed a slight effect on growth of the aquatic plant Lemna minor.
However, complementary results with sodium salicylate which does not lower the pH as much as salicylic acid showed no toxicity directly linked to the substance. This toxicity of salicylic acid therefore might be due to a physical effect (acid). - Executive summary:
In a 7 days acute toxicity test, single-leaf plants of Lemna minor were exposed to salicylic acid at nominal concentrations of 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 mg/L.
The study did not followed a guideline but seems to be scientifically well performed.
Growth inhibition was recorded via biopmass parameters (dry weight, number of leaves and chlorophyll content inside tissues and in water).
These parameters and were significantly different from control between 60 and 120 mg/L, therefore the The 7 -d EC50 is between 60 and 120 mg/L of salicylic acid.
Yellowing was only observed at the highest concentration tested.
In the test conditions, salicylic acid is considered as harmful to algae according to Directive 67/548/EEC criteria.
Authors also indicate that salicylic acid and sodium salicylate are of a lower toxicity to aquatic plants in a concentration range up to 50 mg per liter and could be ranked into class 1 of chemicals with a low hazard potential (Geyer et al., 1985).
Considering the effect on solution pH of salicylic acid it is therefore relevant to consider that the toxic effect observed in this study is related to a physical effect (acid) and as suggested by authors, to consider salicylic acid as a substance with low hazard potential.
The authors have not followed any guideline and no information is given for GLP, analytical monitoring of the substance, purity of the substance, test conditions. But, it seems that the method mainly follows OECD guidelines with deviations (no reference substances testing, four concentrations tested). And analysis of the results is reliable by considering the potential pH effect on the toxicity.
Therefore this toxicity study is considered as reliable with restrictions
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