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EC number: 221-838-5 | CAS number: 3251-23-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Already evaluated by the Competent Authorities for Biocides and Existing Substance Regulations.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of pH on the Toxicity of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc to Folsomia candida Willem, 1902 (Collembola) in a Standard Laboratory Test System
- Author:
- Sandifer, R.D. & Hopkin, S. P.
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- Chemosphere. 33: 12; 2475-2486.
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)
- Version / remarks:
- draft recommendation for the Folsomia candida standard test (Riepert, 1993)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD test Guideline 207 (OECD, 1984)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: see freetext
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Application method:
- soil
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Copper nitrate
- IUPAC Name:
- Copper nitrate
- Details on test material:
- IUCLID4 Test substance: other TS: Cu2+ as delivered as copper nitrate
Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At Tend
Test substrate
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- Substrate type: artificial soil (OECD soil)
(a) pH 6.0 ; (b) pH 5.0 ; (c) pH 4.5 ; OM 10% ; Clay 20% ; background Cu concentration: 3.2 mg/kg dw, CEC 10 cmol/kg
2 days equilibration time
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- All the F. candida used in the test were members of a " Reading strain", derived from a single female isolated from a culture donated by Dr. J. Wiles of Southampton University.
Study design
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 4 wk
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 20 +- 1°C
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- (a) pH 6.0 ; (b) pH 5.0 ; (c) pH 4.5
- Humidity:
- high humidity
- Photoperiod and lighting:
- constant light conditions
- Details on test conditions:
- soils were placed in plastic vending machine cups (30g soil) and 10 adult springtails were added to each cup. Yeast was used as a food source.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 5 test concentrations (between 10 and 3000 mg/kg) + 1 control
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal); OECD soil type 1
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 40 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal); OECD soil type 2
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal); OECD type 2
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Cu
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: IUCLID4 note: "m" (measured/nominal); OECD soil type 3
Any other information on results incl. tables
RS-Freetext:
SURVIVAL
pH 6.0
Table 1 outlines that at pH 6.0, survival was slightly
reduced in the highest (3000 mg/kg) dose level, although
this was not significant in any of the groups tested. A
soil copper concentration of 10 mg/kg increased survival
compared to control values, although again this was not
significant (Figure 1).
A NOEC of =>3000 mg Cu/kg was determined for survival at pH
6.0 for both the added and total risk approach.
pH 5.0
At pH 5.0 the numbers of adults surviving was significantly
reduced at 200, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg compared to the
controls. A soil concentration of 5 mg Cu/kg showed a
slight (but not significant) decrease in survival while 40
mg Cu/kg showed no change to adult survival compared to the
control (Table 1 and Figure 2).
A NOEC of 40 mg Cu/kg was therefore determined by the added
and total risk approach.
pH 4.5
Table 1 and Figure 3 summarise the results seen at pH 4.5.
Generally, adult survival decreased slightly with increasing
copper soil concentration. The only significant decrease was
seen at 200 mg Cu/kg (P<0.05). However, as survival was not
significantly affected at 1000 and 3000 mg Cu/kg, this was
considered not to be related to copper toxicity.
A NOEC of =>3000 mg Cu/kg was determined by the added and
total risk approach.
JUVENILE PRODUCTION
pH 6.0
Juvenile production was increased in the 10 and 40 mg Cu/kg
dose groups compared to the controls (Table 1). Dose levels
of 1000 and 3000 mg Cu/kg experienced a significant (P<0.01)
reduction in the number of juveniles produced.
A NOEC for reproduction at pH 6.0 was therefore determined
to be 200 mg Cu/kg for both the added and total risk
approach.
pH 5.0
Juvenile production decreased with increasing copper
concentrations, although significant reductions were only
seen in the two highest dose levels (1000 and 3000 mg Cu/kg)
(Table 1). No juveniles were produced at the highest dose
tested (3000 mg Cu/kg).
The NOEC value for reproduction at pH 5.0 was 200 mg Cu/kg
as calculated by both the added and total risk approach.
pH 4.5
Juvenile production decreased with increasing copper
concentrations, although significant reductions were only
seen in the highest dose group (3000 mg Cu/kg) where no
juveniles were produced.
The NOEC value for reproduction at pH 4.5 was 1000 mg Cu/kg
as calculated by both the added and total risk approach.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Good quality study. NOEC data for F. candida were used for the PNEC derivation. Reliable added NOEC values are 40 mg/kg (mortality) and between 200 and 1000 mg/kg (reproduction).
- Executive summary:
CL-Freetext:
The toxicity of copper to the springtail Folsomia candida in
artificial OECD soil (organic matter 10%; clay 20%; sand
70%) at three pH levels (pH 6.0, 5.0 and 4.5) was
investigated. Ten springtails were added to 30 g of copper
amended soils at concentrations of 0, 10, 40, 200, 1000 and
3000 mg Cu/kg and mortality and the number of juveniles
produced assessed after 28 days. There were four replicates
per dose level. Tests were carried out at 20°C under
constant light and dried yeast was added as a food source.
The results show that there is no clear relationship between
the pH of soil and the toxicity of copper to F. candida. A
pH of 6.0 and 4.5 did not significantly affect adult
mortality at any of the dose levels tested. However, at pH
5.0 there was a significant reduction in adult survival in
the top three dose levels (200, 1000 and 3000 mg Cu/kg).
There were no juveniles produced in the highest dose group
(3000 mg Cu/kg) in any of the three pH levels tested.
Juvenile production was significantly reduced in the two
highest dose groups (1000 and 3000 mg Cu/kg) at pH 6.0 and
5.0 and the top dose group (3000 mg Cu/kg) at pH 4.5.
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