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EC number: 232-218-9 | CAS number: 7790-69-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The test substance lithium nitrate was considered to be not irritating to the skin based on the results obtained in an in vivo skin irritation study with New Zealand White rabbits. Lithium nitrate is judged to be irritating to the intact eyes of New Zealand White rabbits in an acute eye irritation study.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999-03-18 to 1999-04-19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- July 17th 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- January 1993
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.2500 (Acute Dermal Irritation)
- Version / remarks:
- August 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Covance, Denver, PA
- Age at study initiation: young adult
- Weight at study initiation: 2.2-2.6 kg
- Housing: individually housed in stainless steel cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina High FiberRabbit Chow 5326, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): fresh tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 66-67
- Humidity (%): 53-54
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: test site was clipped free of fur
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5 g
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5 mL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- 3 animals per sex
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: scapular to pelvic region
- Type of wrap: plastic wrap
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: with water
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours
SCORING SYSTEM: according to method of Draize - Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The test substance lithium nitrate is not irritating to the skin of New Zealand White rabbits.
- Executive summary:
An acute dermal irritation study has been performed with lithium nitrate according to OECD guideline 404 and EU method B.4. One-half gram of lithium nitrate was topically applied to 3 male and 3 female New Zealand White rabbits for 4 hours under a plastic wrap. Sixty minutes after the end of the exposure period, each test site was scored for irritation using the Draize method. Each test site was scored again 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure. The irritation scores are as follows:
Edema scores for each of the 6 animals at observation time 24, 48 or 72 hours were 0. Erythema scores for each of the animals at observation times 48 or 72 hours were 0. Only at observation time 24 hours 2 / 6 animals had an erythema score of 1 while the rest of the animals 4 / 6 had each a score of 0.
During the first hour slight to mild erythema and slight edema were noted. At the 24-hour scoring, only slight erythema was observed on two test sites. All irritation resolved by the 48-hour scoring interval and the study was terminated following the 72-hour scoring. Based on the results of the study the test material was considered to be not irritating when topically applied to New Zealand White rabbits. (FMC, 1999)
Reference
Edema scores for each of the 6 animals at observation time 24, 48 or 72 hours were 0. Erythema scores for each of the animals at observation times 48 or 72 hours were 0. Only at observation time 24 hours 2 / 6 animals had an erythema score of 1 while the rest of the animals 4 / 6 had each a score of 0.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999-03-25 until 1999-04-21
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- Feb. 24 1987
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- Jan. 1993
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.2400 (Acute Eye Irritation)
- Version / remarks:
- Aug. 1999
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Covance, Denver, PA, U.S.A
- Weight at study initiation: 2.52-2.73 kg
- Housing: animals were individually housed in stainless steel cages
- Diet: Purina High Fiber Rabbit Chow 5326 was provided ad libitum
- Water: Fresh tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days prior to study start
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 66-68
- Humidity (%): 52-57
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: the untreated eye of each animal (left eye) was used as a control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.1 mL
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Duration of exposure is the duration of study as the eyes were not washed after test item application
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 1, 24 , 48, 72 hours after application and 7 days after application
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6 animals, 3 males and 3 females
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: not done
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: fluorescein - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hours
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 72 hours
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- At the 1 hour scoring, slight to mild corneal opacities, slight conjunctival redness, slight to mild chemosis, severe discharge, and gray areas on the conjunctivae were noted. Additionally, three rabbits had miosis. During the 24-hour scoring, slight corneal opacities, iritis, moderate conjunctivitis, and a positive reaction to fluorescein were observed. Irritation gradually resolved and all eyes had completely recovered by study day 7.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Lithium nitrate is judged to be irritating to the intact eyes of New Zealand White rabbits in this acute eye irritation study.
- Executive summary:
The eye irritating potential of lithium nitrate was assessed in this acute eye irritation study according to OECD guideline 405 and EU method B.5. One single anesthetized rabbit was dosed with lithium nitrate prior to the start of the definitive study to minimize pain. Since only moderate irritation was noted in this rabbit, six rabbits (3 males and 3 females, New Zealand White) were dosed in the following manner. Lithium nitrate was instilled into the right eye of each of the six rabbits at a dose of 0.10 mL dry volume measure. Eyes were assessed for irritation using the Draize method 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing, and on day 7. At the 1 hour scoring, slight to mild corneal opacities, slight conjunctival redness, slight to mild chemosis, severe discharge and gray areas on the conjunctivae were noted. Additionally, three rabbits had miosis. During the 24-hour scoring slight corneal opacities, iritis, moderate conjunctivitis, and a positive reaction to fluorescein were observed. Irritation gradually resolved and all eyes had completely recovered by study day 7. Lithium nitrate is judged to be moderately irritating. (FMC, 1999)
Reference
All animals remained healthy throughout the study. No changes were observed in necropsy.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
Skin irritation
An acute dermal irritation study was performed with lithium nitrate according to OECD guideline 404 and EU method B.4. One-half gram of lithium nitrate was topically applied to 3 male and 3 female New Zealand White rabbits for 4 hours under a plastic wrap. Sixty minutes after the end of the exposure period, each test site was scored for irritation using the Draize method. Each test site was scored again 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure. The irritation scores are as follows:
Edema scores for each of the 6 animals at observation time 24, 48 or 72 hours were 0. Erythema scores for each of the animals at observation time 48 or 72 hours were 0. Only at observation time 24 hours 2 / 6 animals had an erythema score of 1 while the rest of the animals 4 / 6 had each a score of 0.
During the first hour slight to mild erythema and slight edema were noted. At the 24-hour scoring, only slight erythema was observed on two test sites. All irritation resolved by the 48-hour scoring interval and the study was terminated following the 72-hour scoring. Based on the results of the study the test material was considered to be not irritating when topically applied to New Zealand White rabbits. (FMC, 1999)
Eye irritation
The eye irritating potential of lithium nitrate was assessed in this acute eye irritation study according to OECD guideline 405 and EU method B.5. One single anesthetized rabbit was dosed with lithium nitrate prior to the start of the definitive study to minimize pain. Since only moderate irritation was noted in this rabbit, six rabbits (3 males and 3 females, New Zealand White) were dosed in the following manner. Lithium nitrate was instilled into the right eye of each of the six rabbits at a dose of 0.10 mL dry volume measure. Eyes were assessed for irritation using the Draize method 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-dosing, and on day 7. At the 1 hour scoring, slight to mild corneal opacities, slight conjunctival redness, slight to mild chemosis, severe discharge and gray areas on the conjunctivae were noted. Additionally, three rabbits had miosis. During the 24-hour scoring slight corneal opacities, iritis, moderate conjunctivitis, and a positive reaction to fluorescein were observed. Irritation gradually resolved and all eyes had completely recovered by study day 7. Lithium nitrate is judged to be moderately irritating. (FMC, 1999)
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion
endpoint:
GLP and guideline compliant study.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
GLP and guideline compliant study.
Effects on eye irritation: irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. Based on available data on irritating properties, the test item needs to be classified as eye irritating cat. 2 (H319: may cause serious eye irritation) according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for the tenth time in Regulation (EU) No 2017/776.
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