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EC number: 201-603-3 | CAS number: 85-41-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: ATCC-22662
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): American Type Culture Collection
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22.2 - 23.3 °C
- pH:
- 0 h, 6.9 - 7.6; at 72 h, 4.8 - 8.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- concentration (nominal): 0, 10.6, 19.1, 34.3, 61.7, 111.1, 200.0 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 mL net triangle conical glass flask
- Aeration:
- Renewal rate of test solution: none
- Initial cells density: 1 x 10E+4 cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):
GROWTH and TEST MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: OECD
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: no data
- Light intensity and quality: continuous light (4000 - 5000 lux)
- shaking (100 rpm)
- pH treatment: none - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 161 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 33.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Potassium dichromate (72 h EC 50 = 0.54 mg/L)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Using ANOVA the NOECr value was 1.1 mg/l. However, this value seems to be extremely low. If the LOEC is divided by the factor between the concentrations of 1.8 mg/l a value of 11.8 mg/l can be calculated. The analytical results for the nominal concentration 34.3 mg/l are therefore questionable. In the concentration of nominal 61.7 mg/l 43.4 mg/l were detected at t 0(h) after 72 h still 10.4 mg/l were detected, representing still 23.9% of the measured concentrations at 0 h. In the concentration 34.3 mg/l a recovery of 23.9% of values at t0h would result in a concentration of 5.45 mg/L. The accompanying chemical analysis detected no test item at all at this concentration level. Therefore the NOEC of 1.1 mg/L should be discussed. The EU-TGD offers an other possibilty to estimate a NOEC. In special cases the LOEC divided by 2 can be used. This would result in a NOEC of 10.7 mg/L.
- Conclusions:
- The figures of EC50 and NOEC by biomass is rather safe side than the figures by growth rate.
EbC50 (0-72 h) = 61.6 mg/l for algae
NOECb (0-72 h) = 6.5 mg/l for algae - Executive summary:
A test with Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata on acute toxicity was performed according to the OECD Guideline 201 and the principles of GLP. The results are reported as geometric mean values of the measured values at the start and end of incubations. A 72 h-EbC50 of 33.4 mg/L was measured according to the OECD TG 201 growth inhibition test. A 72 h-NOECb of 0.6 mg/L was determined. Both results are related to the endpoint biomass, which presented lower results than the ones related to the growth rate (72 h-ErC50 = 161 mg/L; 72 h-NOECr = 10.7 mg/L) (EA Japan, 1999).
Reference
CONCENTRATIONS
nominal measured concentration (mg/l)
concentration (percentage of nominal)
(mg/l) 0 h 72 h geom.mean
-----------------------------------------------------------
control <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
10.6 6.5 (61.3) <0.1 (<0.9) 0.6 (5.7)
19.1 13.8 (72.3) <0.1 (<0.5) 0.8 (4.2)
34.3 22.8 (66.5) <0.1 (<0.3) 1.1 (3.2)
61.7 43.4 (70.3) 10.4 (16.9) 21.2(34.4)
111.1 83.2 (74.9) 46.7 (42.0) 62.3(56.1)
200.0 160.6 (80.3) 131.7 (65.9) 145.4(72.7)
-----------------------------------------------------------
The test substance is unstable in the test solution due to hydrolysis.
As the half-life of this substance in water is 56.7 h at pH 7 and 1.1 h at pH 9 (see Section 3.1.2), almost all measured concentrations were much lower than the nominal ones. No test medium was changed during the experiment (static). Therefore the geometric mean of the measured concentrations should be used. Values below the quantification limit are regarded as 0.05 mg/l, i.e. half of the quantification limit.
EFFECTS (0 h-72 h)
biomass:
EbC50 = 33.4 mg/l (95 % confidential: 6.7-136.5 mg/l)
NOECb = 0.6 mg/l
growth rate:
ErC50 = 161 mg/l (95 % confidential: 140.5-193.4 mg/l)
NOECr = 10.7 mg/l
AVERAGE CELL DENSITY DURING 72 h EXPOSURE
measured
concentration cell density (x 10E+4 cells/ml)
at 0 h (mg/l) 0 h 24 h 48 h 72 h
-----------------------------------------------------------
control 1.0 8.9 43.8 270.4
6.5 1.0 7.8 41.0 259.6
13.8 1.0 7.5 41.4 229.7
22.8 1.0 7.3 30.6 253.4
43.4 1.0 7.1 34.4 197.9
83.2 1.0 7.0 28.2 73.2
160.6 1.0 5.5 11.1 19.7
-----------------------------------------------------------
AVERAGE GROWTH INHIBITION DURING 72 h EXPOSURE
measured
concentration biomass growth rate
at 0 h (mg/l) (0-72 h) % (0-72 h) %
-----------------------------------------------------------
control - -
6.5 5.03 0.7
13.8 13.04** 2.9
22.8 12.51** 1.2
43.4 25.56** 5.7*
83.2 62.66** 23.4**
160.6 87.07** 46.8**
-----------------------------------------------------------
Asterisk showed significant difference with control; *(a<0.05) and **(a<0.01)
Description of key information
EbC50 (0-72 h) = 61.6 mg/l for algae
NOECb (0-72 h) = 6.5 mg/l for algae
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 61.6 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 6.5 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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