Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 201-696-0 | CAS number: 86-74-8
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Stability
Phototransformation in air
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Hydrolysis
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Phototransformation in water
Carbazole is rapidly degraded by sunlight in surface water. The rate constant was determined to be 6.6 x 10E-5 per sec in winter (mid January) resulting in a half-life of 2.9 h. The amount of dissolved oxygen had no effect on the rate constant of carbazole photolysis.
Phototransformation in soil
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Biodegradation
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
In two tests for ready biodegradability, contradictory results were obtained using carbazole as test substance.
NITE/CERI 2002/1999 reports no biodegradation of carbazole after 2 weeks in a MITI I test.
In a biodegradation test according to OECD test guideline 301 E, 86% biodegradation was observed within 7 days (Knacker/UBA 1989). The pass levels for ready biodegradability were met.
Causes of these inconsistent findings on biodegradation are not obvious. Based on weight of evidence the study by Knacker et l. 1989 is considered to be invalid.
Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
Adapted bacteria are able to biodegrade carbazole to some degree.
In a primary biodegradation test using adapted microorganism prepared from creosote contaminated soil by extraction in phosphate buffer, 58.6 and 65.5% degradation were observed after 3 and 14 days respectively (Mueller 1991).
23.6% of the applied radioactivity (14C labeled carbazole) was determined as radiolabeled CO2 in a biodegradation test using a bacterial population as inoculums which was grown on crude oil as sole carbon source for some years and crude oil as sole substrate amended with a minimal amount of 14C labeled carbazole (Foght 1989).
Biodegradation in soil
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Mode of degradation in actual use
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation aquatic / sediment
In a valid flow-through bioaccumulation experiment with carp according to OECD test guideline 305 C (May 12,1981), maximum steady state BCF values of 241 and 200 were determined for aqueous carbazole exposure levels of 0.05 and 0.005 mg/L, respectively (NITE/CERI 2002/1999).
In two static bioaccumulation experiments using guppy (48 h) and daphnia (24 h), dynamic BCF were obtained using uptake and depuration rate constants determined from the aqueous concentration-time course (de Voogt 1991) and from the concentration time course in test solution and in test animals (daphnia, Southworth 1979). The dynamic BCF values observed were 500 and 115, respectively.
For the experiment with daphnia, differences between elimination rate constants obtained by the bioaccumulation experiment and by an independent depuration experiment indicate that the model used does not fit well the bioaccumulation of carbazole in the test animals.
The distribution and the fate of 3H-labeled carbazole was investigated in a laboratory terrestrial-aquatic model ecosystem consisting of Sorghum leaves, salt marsh caterpillars, plankton, alga, daphnia, snail, mosquito larvae, and fish for a complete food chain (Lu and Metcalf 1978, see 5.6). Tritium in the aqueous phase reached a maximum of 0.1246 ppm after 14 days and declined to 0.0433 ppm at the end of the experiment after 33 days. The parent compound carbazole amounted to 10.1% of total tritium in alga (EM = 49), to 12.3% in snail (EM = 134), to 26.8% in mosquito (EM = 112), and to 29.3% in fish (EM = 125) (EM = concentration of parent compound in the organism/concentration of parent compound in the water). Unextractable tritium was relatively high in all the organisms and comprised 43.9% of total tritium in alga, 72.7% in snail, 81.8% in mosquito, and 53.9% in fish indicating that transformation of carbazole was intense. Results suggest that the bioaccumulation potential of cabazole is limited.
Bioaccumulation: terrestrial
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Transport and distribution
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Environmental data
No data was identified (not required for REACH).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
