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EC number: 232-145-2 | CAS number: 7789-17-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 40.9 µg/L
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 40.9 µg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 122.8 µg/L
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 100 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 3.92 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.392 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.196 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
PNEC_freshwater:
The comparison of ecotoxicological data from cesium hydroxide monohydrate and cesium iodide shows that the counter ion iodide triggers the toxicity. Therefore a very conservative approach using background data and not effect data from iodine was considered. The Swedish competent authority published an evaluation report on iodine. In this report, which refers to open literature data, e.g. overview articles, data on environmental background concentration of iodine are available. For the freshwater compartment (river and lake) a background concentration of iodine of up to 20 μg/L is reported. This concentration corresponds to 40.94 μg/L for CsI. Using a worst-case approach, the PNEC_freshwater for cesium iodide was thus set to 40.94 μg/L.
PNEC_marine water:
Equivalently to the approach described above for the derivation of the PNEC_ freshwater, the PNEC_marine water is set equal to the background concentration of iodine in marine water (60 μ/L). This concentration corresponds to 122.83 μg/L for CsI. Therefore, using the worst-case approach the PNEC_marine water for cesium iodide was set to 122.83 μg/L.
PNEC_intermittent releases:
The PNEC_intermittent releases was also set equal to the background concentration of iodine in the freshwater compartment (20 μ/L) (worst-case approach). Thus, the PNEC_intermittent releases for cesium iodide is 40.94 μg/L.
PNEC_STP:
The PNEC_STP was derived from results obtained in the “Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test” with cesium iodide. The test revealed a NOEC of 1000 mg/L. Therefore, an assessment factor of 10 was applied (CSA Guidance Document, Chapter R. 10, May 2008).
PNEC_freshwater sediment:
Typical background concentrations of iodine in the freshwater sediment compartment are reported to be 6 mg/kg. This great difference in the background levels of the freshwater compartment and the freshwater sediment compartment clearly reflects the distinctly lower toxicity potential of iodine in the sediment compartments, e.g. due to the degradation via microbial activity. Consequently, for the substance CsI the concentration of cesium itself is considered to trigger the toxicity in the sediment compartments. Therefore, the PNEC_freshwater sediment for CsI was derived using the equilibrium partitioning method (EPM) and the PNEC_freshwater of cesium (1 mg/L).
Parameter:
K_(susp- water) = 0.979
RHO_(susp) = 1150
Conversion factor (wwt -> dwt): 4.6
PNEC_freshwater sediment = (K_(susp-water)/ RHO_(susp))*PNEC_water * 1000
= (0.979/1150)* 1 mg/L *1000 = 0.851 mg/kg wwt
= 3.916 mg/kg dwt
This PNEC_freshwater water sediment calculated for CsI is well below the background concentration of iodine reported for freshwater sediment compartment (typically 6 mg/kg).
PNEC_marine water sediment:
In an analogous manner, the derivation of the PNEC_marine water sediment for CsI was performed using the equilibrium partitioning method (EPM) and the PNEC_marine water of cesium (0.1 mg/L).
Parameter:
K_(susp- water) = 0.979
RHO_(susp) = 1150
Conversion factor (wwt -> dwt): 4.6
PNEC_marine water sediment
= (K_(susp-water)/ RHO_(susp))*PNEC_ marine water * 1000
= (0.979/1150)* 0.1 mg/L *1000
= 0.0851 mg/kg wwt
= 0.3916 mg/kg dwt
This PNEC_marine water sediment calculated for CsI is well below the background concentration of iodine reported for the marine water sediment compartment (typically 3 - 4000 mg/kg).
PNEC_soil:
Equivalently to the approach described above, the derivation of the PNEC_soil for CsI was performed using the equilibrium partitioning method (EPM) and the PNEC_freshwater of cesium (1 mg/L).
Parameter:
K_(soil-water) = 0.295
RHO_(soil) = 1700
Conversion factor (wwt -> dwt): 1.13
PNEC_soil
= (K_(soil-water)/ RHO_(soil))*PNEC_water * 1000
= (0.295/1700)* 1 mg/L * 1000
= 0.1735 mg/kg wwt
= 0.1961 mg/kg dwt
This PNEC_soil calculated for CsI is well below the background concentration of iodine reported for the soil compartment (typically 0.5 - 20 mg/kg dwt).
For details on calculation please refer to the discussion and the attached document "CH337-00037_CsI_PNEC justification.pdf".
For detailed information on the read-across strategy please refer to the read-across justification in IUCLID section 13.
Conclusion on classification
Based on an acute toxicity test on daphnia magna the test item has to be classified as "very toxic to aquatic life (H400)" according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).
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