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EC number: 219-110-7 | CAS number: 2362-14-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1075 (Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- Water used for the acclimation of test organisms and for all toxicity testing was carbon filtered, deionised water collected at the testing facility. Water was adjusted to a hardness of 40 to 48 mg/L and stored in polyethylene tanks where it was aerated and recirculated through particle filters, activated carbon, and an ultraviolet steriliser. A sample of dilution water collected at the start of the definitive test had a hardness of 40 mg/L as CaCO₃, an acidity of 8 mg/L as CaCO₃, an alkalinity of 27 mg/L CaCO₃, a particulate matter concentration less than 10 mg/L, and a total organic carbon concentration of 0.8 mg/L
A stock solution of DMBPC with a nominal concentration of 12 000 mg/L was prepared by bringing 6.0362 g of the test substance to a total volume of 500 mL with dimethylformamide (solvent, DMF). - Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, employed as test organisms were from a single source and were identified using an appropriate taxonomic key. They were procured from a commercial supplier. Prior to testing, the fish were maintained in a 280 liter polyethylene tank. At the conclusion of the test, the control fish had an average total length of 29 mm and an average wet weight of 0.19 g (loading rate was approximately 0.13 g/L at any time and 0.02 g/L/24 hours). During acclimation, fish were not treated for disease and they were free of apparent disease, injuries and abnormalities at the beginning of the test. During the 14-day period before the start of the test, the acclimation temperature range was 11.2 to 12.9 °C and the dissolved oxygen concentration was always at least 6.8 mg/L. Fish were fed dry commercial fish food and trout chow once or twice per day except during the 48 hours preceding the test and they were not fed during the toxicity test. Mortality during the last 48 hours of acclimation was 0 %.
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 40 mg/L as CaCO₃ (at study start)
- Test temperature:
- 11.0 to 12.6 °C
- pH:
- 7.0 - 7.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 10.4 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0 (control and solvent), 160, 260, 430, 720 and 1200 µg a.i./L
Mean measured: ND (not detected at or above the limit of detection of 8 µg a.i./L; control and solvent control), 143, 258, 410, 681 and 1094 µg a.i./L - Details on test conditions:
- A range-finding test with DMBPC was conducted under static conditions with a control, a solvent control, and five concentrations of test substance: 0.99, 9.9, 100, 500, and 1200 µg a.i./L. After 96 hours there was 0 % survival at 1200 µg a.i./L and 100 % survival in the control, solvent control, and at all tested concentrations. No sub-lethal effects were observed at the end of the test.
The definitive toxicity test was conducted under flow-through conditions at 12 ± 2 °C with five concentrations of test substance, a dilution water control and a solvent control (0.10 mg/L dimethylformamide). The solvent control received 0.1 mL/L dimethylformamide, the same concentration of solvent that was delivered to test vessels containing the highest concentration of DMBPC. Twenty rainbow trout were randomly and equally distributed among two replicates of each treatment and control. The test was performed in 20-litre glass aquaria that contained 15 litres of test solution (water depth was approximately 18 cm). Test vessels were randomly arranged in a water bath during the 96-hour test (a random numbers table was used to select the location of each vessel and add test organisms). A 16-hour light and 8-hour dark photoperiod was automatically maintained with cool white fluorescent lights that provided a light intensity of approximately 38 footcandles. A 15 minute transition period was provided between dark and light. Aeration was not required to maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations above acceptable levels. The numbers of surviving organisms, the occurrence of sub-lethal effects and the presence of insoluble material were determined visually and recorded after 0, 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Dead test organisms were removed twice each day.
The test substance was supplied to the test vessels under flow-through conditions by an intermittent flow proportional diluter. The diluter, which was constructed at the testing facility, allowed test substance to contact only glass or Teflon® surfaces. The diluter was operated from approximately 52 hours prior to the start of the definitive toxicity test, was calibrated before and after the test, and was monitored for normal operation twice per day. During the test the diluter was activated 759 times, resulting in an average of 6.3 volume additions per 24 hours in each test vessel. Flow to each replicate test vessel was within 10 % of the flow to the alternate replicate. Dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and temperature were measured and recorded daily in each test vessel. The temperature in a control vessel was recorded continuously during the test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 528 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 410 to 681 µg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 143 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality and sublethal effects
- Details on results:
- No insoluble material was observed in any test vessel during the test.
The mean measured concentrations were 89 to 99 % of the nominal concentrations and were stable during the test. One hundred percent survival occurred in the control and solvent control, and no sub-lethal effects were noted in either of these controls throughout the test.
During the definitive toxicity test the conductivity ranged from 140 to 150 µmhos/cm (mean = 140 µmhos/cm), the pH ranged from 7.0 to 7.5, the temperature ranged from 11.0 to 12.6 °C (mean = 11.6 °C), and the dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 10.2 to 10.8 mg/L (mean = 10.4 mg/L). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- n/a
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Results of the toxicity test were interpreted by standard statistical techniques when warranted. The 24 hour LC50 value could not be calculated because there was greater than 50 % survival of trout at all test concentrations. The binomial method was used to calculate the 48, 72 and 96 hour LC50 values. The slope of the 96 hour concentration-response curve could not be calculated with this data set. The no observed effect concentration is the highest tested concentration at which there was no observed mortality, abnormal behavior or physiological effect.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Results
Duration (hours)
Endpoint (EC50, LC50, other, etc.)
Effect conc. (µg/L)
95% Confidnece Interval
Nominal / Measured
Conc. Based on
Basis for Effect
24
LC50
>1094
--
measured
a.i.
mortality
48
LC50
837
681 to 1094
measured
a.i.
mortality
72
LC50
681
410 to 1094
measured
a.i.
mortality
96
LC50
528
410 to 681
measured
a.i.
mortality
96
NOEC
143
--
measured
a.i.
mortality
Measured concentrations of DMBPC in test media
Nominal
Concentration of
DMBPC
(µg a.i./L)
Measured Concentration of DMBPC (µg a.i./L)
Rep
0 Hour
96 Hours
Mean
% Recovery
Control
1
ND
ND
ND
--
2
ND
ND
Solvent Control
1
ND
ND
ND
--
2
ND
ND
160
1
141
146
143
89
2
140
143
260
1
254
262
258
99
2
253
262
430
1
404
413
410
95
2
405
418
720
1
676
689
681
95
2
671
686
1200
1
1092
1103
1094
91
2
1091
1089
Stock Solution
1200
1044
1068
1056
88
Matrix Spike Samples
430
421
422
422
98
418
426
Laboratory Control Sample
430
427
427
427
99
Blank
0
ND
ND
ND
--
Rep = Replicate
ND: none detected at or above the limit of detection (8.0 µg/L)
Survival and sublethal effect data
Mean Measured Conc. of
DMBPC (µg a.i./L)
Rep
Number Alive
Number Affected¹
0² hr
24
hr
48
hr
72
hr
96
hr
0² hr
24
hr
48
hr
72
hr
96
hr
Control
1
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
2
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
Solvent Control
1
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
2
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
143
1
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
2
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
258
1
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
2
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
4
3
410
1
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
2
8
9
2
10
10
10
10
10
0
0
3
5
9
681
1
10
10
9
6
0
0
3
9
6
--
2
10
10
10
4
0
0
4
10
4
--
1094
1
10
10
0
0
0
0
10
--
--
--
2
10
10
0
0
0
0
10
--
--
--
Rep = Replicate
¹Affected fish were lethargic, immobilised, exhibiting a loss of equilibrium and/or exhibiting a change in colour.
²No mortality or sublethal effects were observed at 3 hours.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hour LC50 was 528 µg a.i./L with a 95 % confidence interval of 410 to 681 µg a.i./L. The 96 hour NOEC was 143 µg a.i./L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity potential of the test material to the freshwater fish Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated in accordance with the standardised guideline EPA OPPTS 850.1075 under GLP conditions.
The definitive toxicity test was conducted under flow-through conditions at 12 ± 2 °C with five concentrations of test substance, a dilution water control and a solvent control (0.10 mg/L dimethylformamide). The solvent control received 0.1 mL/L dimethylformamide, the same concentration of solvent that was delivered to test vessels containing the highest concentration of DMBPC. Nominal concentrations were 0 (control and solvent), 160, 260, 430, 720 and 1200 µg a.i./L.
Twenty rainbow trout were randomly and equally distributed among two replicates of each treatment and control. The test was performed in 20-liter glass aquaria that contained 15 litres of test solution.
The numbers of surviving organisms, the occurrence of sub-lethal effects and the presence of insoluble material were determined visually and recorded after 0, 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Dead test organisms were removed twice each day.
Mean measured concentrations were: not detected at or above the limit of detection in the control and solvent control, 143, 258, 410, 681 and 1094 µg a.i./L
No mortality was observed for the first 48 hours. After 48 hours all fish in the top dose level were deceased. One fish in the 681 µg a.i./L dose group was also deceased. After 72 hours, the total number of dead fish at the 681 µg a.i./L dose level was 10. At 96 hours, all fish at this dose level were found to be deceased.
The 96 hour LC50 was 528 µg a.i./L with a 95 % confidence interval of 410 to 681 µg a.i./L. The 96 hour NOEC was 143 µg a.i./L; this concentration of DMBPC resulted in 100 % survival and did not cause any sub-lethal effects.
Reference
Description of key information
The 96 hour LC50 in rainbow trout was 528 µg a.i./L with a 95 %. The 96 hour NOEC was 143 µg a.i./L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 528 µg/L
Additional information
The toxicity potential of the test material to the freshwater fish Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated in accordance with the standardised guideline EPA OPPTS 850.1075 under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The definitive toxicity test was conducted under flow-through conditions at 12 ± 2 °C with five concentrations of test substance, a dilution water control and a solvent control (0.10 mg/L dimethylformamide). The solvent control received 0.1 mL/L dimethylformamide, the same concentration of solvent that was delivered to test vessels containing the highest concentration of DMBPC. Nominal concentrations were 0 (control and solvent), 160, 260, 430, 720 and 1200 µg a.i./L.
Twenty rainbow trout were randomly and equally distributed among two replicates of each treatment and control. The test was performed in 20-liter glass aquaria that contained 15 litres of test solution.
The numbers of surviving organisms, the occurrence of sub-lethal effects and the presence of insoluble material were determined visually and recorded after 0, 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Dead test organisms were removed twice each day.
Mean measured concentrations were: not detected at or above the limit of detection in the control and solvent control, 143, 258, 410, 681 and 1094 µg a.i./L
No mortality was observed for the first 48 hours. After 48 hours all fish in the top dose level were deceased. One fish in the 681 µg a.i./L dose group was also deceased. After 72 hours, the total number of dead fish at the 681 µg a.i./L dose level was 10. At 96 hours, all fish at this dose level were found to be deceased.
The 96 hour LC50 was 528 µg a.i./L with a 95 % confidence interval of 410 to 681 µg a.i./L. The 96 hour NOEC was 143 µg a.i./L; this concentration of DMBPC resulted in 100 % survival and did not cause any sub-lethal effects.
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