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EC number: 217-775-8 | CAS number: 1951-97-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Piperazine (CAS No 110-85-0) is the parent molecule from which piperazine, compound with phosphoric acid or piperazine phosphate (CAS No 1951-97-9) is synthesized. In medicine piperazine is used in the form of the hexahydrate or as the citrate, tartrate, phosphate (1951-97-9) or adipate. Thus, piperazine and piperazine phosphate can be considered as belonging to the same category. There are reliable reports indicating that phosphoric acid possesses properties indicating a hazard for human health (acute toxicity to respiratory tract, corrosivity to eye, and moderate repeated dose toxicity. However, based on the exposure data; the exposure to humans with phosphoric acid is expected to be minimal. Also, it is important to note that Piperazine by virtue of its highly basic nature shall exhibit more corrosive properties than phosphoric acid. Based on the above, it is has been considered that the properties of piperazine (parent molecule) shall have an important influence on the toxicological properties of piperazine phosphate. Thus, Piperazine (CAS No 110-85-0) has been used as a read across substance, especially for the toxicological end points in this dossier preparation.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chemical burns of the rabbit cornea.
- Author:
- Carpenter CP and Smyth HF
- Year:
- 1 946
- Bibliographic source:
- Am. J. Ophtalmol. 29, 1363-1372.
- Reference Type:
- other: study report
- Title:
- European Union Risk Assessment Report : Piperazine
- Author:
- European Chemicals Bureau
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- 3rd Priority List Volume: 56;Final Report, 2005
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other:
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Data is from Am. J. Ophtalmol.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Piperazine
- EC Number:
- 203-808-3
- EC Name:
- Piperazine
- Cas Number:
- 110-85-0
- IUPAC Name:
- piperazine
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
Test system
- Vehicle:
- other: sulphuric acid and ammonium hydroxide
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.005 ml of a 5% solution was applied
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
Results and discussion
In vivo
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24
- Score:
- 9
- Max. score:
- 10
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: caused etching and necrosis of the rabbit cornea
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- An aqueous solution containing 1-5% piperazine (assumingly piperazine base) caused etching and necrosis of the rabbit cornea.
- Executive summary:
Normal rabbit eyes were selected on basis of visual inspection after staining with a 5% aqueous solution of fluorescein, and flushed out with distilled water 20 seconds after application. After a 2-hour resting period, 0.005 ml of a 5% solution was applied to the centre of the cornea while the lids were retracted. About one minute later the lids were released, and 18-24 hours later the eyes were stained with fluorescein and the injury scored.
Together with sulphuric acid and ammonium hydroxide, piperazine was given the grade 9 on a scale ranging from 1 to 10, with necrosis covering 60-90% of the cornea. An aqueous solution containing 1-5% piperazine (assumingly piperazine base) caused etching and necrosis of the rabbit cornea.
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