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EC number: 206-055-9 | CAS number: 298-06-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Publication on occuptional exposure to pesticides.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biological Monitoring of Workers Occupationallly Exposed to Organophosphorus Pesticides
- Author:
- Nutley, B. P. & Cocker, J.
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- Pestic. Sci., 38, 315-322
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Development of biologocal monitoring method for assessing exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. The method is used to determine the concentration of six dialkyl phosphates and phosphorothioates in urine.
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method used for determination of the compounds in urine involved the azeotropic distillation of urine, derivatisation of the residue with pentafluorobenzylbromide followed by high resolution gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The technique was applied to the analysis of over 400 urine samples obtained from 140 workers with potential occupational exposure to organophosphorous pesticides during agricultural activities. Wherever possible, blood samples were taken for measurement of red blood cell and plasma cholinesterase activity.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorodithioate
- EC Number:
- 206-055-9
- EC Name:
- O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorodithioate
- Cas Number:
- 298-06-6
- Molecular formula:
- C4H11O2PS2
- IUPAC Name:
- O,O-diethyl sulfanylphosphonothioate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate (DEPDT)
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- The method used for biological effect monitoring of workers occupationally exposed to organophosphorous pesticides is based on azeotropic distillation of metabolites with derivatisation using pentafluorobenzyl bromide and capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection.
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE:
Occupational exposure during various agricultural activities, sheep dipping or pesticide formulation.
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT:
Biomonitoring (urine and blood)
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Workers using organophosphorus insecticide sprays or granules showed no detectable metabolites in the pre-exposure samples. In the post-exposure samples, the dialkyl phosphate and dialkyl phosphorothioate metabolites but not the dialkyl phosphorodithioates (DMPDT and DEPDT) were detected, which probably reflects the nature of the compound used. No significant decreases in either erythrocyte or plasma cholinesterase activity were seen in any post-exposure blood samples when compared with pre-exposure, baseline activity.
The general levels of metabolites seen in the urine of sheep dippers were similar to those found in other agricultural workers, and where concomitant cholinesterase measurements were made, none of the samples showed enzyme inhibition outside the normal range.
The formulation workers were regularly exposed to a variety of organophosphorus pesticides and no pre-exposure samples could be taken. Unlike the agricultural workers and sheep dippers, only 7% of urine samples from formulators had no detectable dialkyl phosphate or dialkyl phosphorothioate metabolite levels. Urine samples from these group of workers also showed detectable levels of dialkyl phosphorodithioate (DMPDT and DEPDT). The values obtained show a much greater range in concentrations than for any other occupational group and for several of the metabolites these urine samples showed the highest levels seen.
the only worker showing any depression of cholinesterase activity during the study was a formulation worker who showed a significant decrease in plasma cholinesterase activity but no depression of erythrocyte cholinesterase. This worker had raised urinary dialkyl phosphate levels and high levels of dialkyl phosphate metabolites. No increased levels of DEPDT were reported for this worker.
Any other information on results incl. tables
No other information.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Measurement of dialkyl phosphate metabolites in urine provides a sensitive biological monitoring method suitable for use in the assessment of occupational exposure to many organophosphorus pesticides. O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate (DEPDT) was not detected in agricultural workers and formulation workers. Only in one sheep dipper, DEPDT was found at a concentration of 1 nmol/mmol creatine, post-exposure towards organophosphorus pesticides.
- Executive summary:
A biological monitoring method was developed to assess occupational exposure to organophosphorus pesticides.
The method involves the azeotropic distillation of urine, derivatisation of the residue with pentafluorobenzylbromide followed by high resolution gas chromatography and was used to determine the concentration of six dialkyl phosphates and phosphorothioates in urine samples of 140 workers with potential occupational exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. In addition, blood samples were taken and examined for red blood cell and plasma cholinesterase activity.
The results show that in most cases where dialkyl phosphate metabolites were detected, this did not lead to depression of red cell or plasma cholinesterase activity. Formulation workers had higher urinary metabolite levels than any of the other groups studied and were the only group in which for one individual worker a significant reduction in cholinesterase activity was noted.
The results reveal that the method used is suitable for monitoring occupational exposure to organophosphorus pesticides.
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