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EC number: 206-080-5 | CAS number: 299-42-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- low bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
Ephedrine plasma levels have been measured in ten asthmatic patients given a single dose of ephedrine hydrochloride (22 mg) alone before (Study A1) and after a 2 -week treatment period with ephedrine hydrochloride (11 mg) (Study A2) (Pickup 1976). In addition, same patients were given a single dose of ephedrine hydrochloride (22 mg) in combination with theophylline and a barbiturate before (Study B3) and after a 2-week treatment period with ephedrine hydrochloride (11 mg) in combination with theophylline and a barbiturate (Study B4). Pharmacokineticassessment of the data indicated no significant intra-subject changes in kinetic parameters before or after chronic treatment with ephedrine HCl (11 mg three times a day) alone or in combination. The availability of ephedrine from the tablet form, assuming each tablet contains ephedrine HCl (11 mg), was calculated as 0.88. Mean plasma half-lifes were 6.75, 6.69, 5.74, and 5.22 hours for studies Al, A2, B3, and B4, respectively. The mean clearance calculated in turn for each of the studies A1, A2, B3 and B4 was 23.3, 25.4, 28.7 and 30 litre per hour respectively. The mean volume of distribution for each of the studies was found to be 215.6, 230, 213.7 and 203.4 litres, respectively.
In the article by Feller et al. (1977) investigations were carried out with radiolabeled D(-)-ephedrine and L(+)-ephedrine to establish whether differences exist in their metabolic fate in the rabbit, in vivo and in vitro. In liver microsomal preparations, D(-)-ephedrine was metabolized at a faster rate than L(+)-ephedrine, benzoic acid was formed from D(-)-ephedrine at a rate about three times greater than from the L(+)-isomer, and the relative amounts of norephedrine and 1-phenyl-1,2-propranediol formed from both ephedrine isomers were nearly identical throughout the entire incubation period.In vivo,both ephedrine isomers were extensively metabolized and the majority of total radioactivity (71-91%) was excreted within 24 hr. 47-50% of the urinary 14C was attributable to hippuric acid and benzoic acid from L(+)- and D(-)-ephedrine, from 4 to 16% of the total 14C obtained with both isomers was accountable as 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol, either free or as a glucuronide conjugate, no appreciable quantities of sulfate or glucuronide conjugates of p-hydroxylated metabolites of ephedrine or norephedrine was detectable, and small amounts (<4% of metabolites corresponding to unchanged ephedrine, norephedrine, or 1-hydroxy-l-phenyl-2- propanone were found in urine of animals given either isomer. These experiments indicate that the major pathway for the biotransformation of D(-)-ephedrine and L(+)-ephedrine involves N-demethylation and oxidative deamination of the side chain.
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