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EC number: 234-217-9 | CAS number: 10599-90-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of drinking water monochloramine on lipid and thyroid metabolism in healthy men.
- Author:
- Wones R. G., Deck C.C., Stadler B., Roark S., Hogg E., and Frohman L.A.
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- Environmental health perspectives, vol. 99, pp. 369-374.
Materials and methods
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: oral
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The protocol consisted of a 4-week dietary stabilization period during which all subjects drank distilled water buffered with sodium monophosphate to a pH of 8.5. the purposes of the baseline period to achieve stabilization on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and to allow the effects of prior exposure to chlorinated water to disipate. The baseline period was followed by a 4-week treatment period during which one-third of the subjects were assigned randomly to continue consuming buffered distilled water (distilled group), one-third were assigned to consume 1.5 L per day of drinking water containing 2 ppm monochloramine buffered with sodium monophosphate to a pH of 8.5 (2 ppm group), and one-third were assigned to consume 1.5 L per day of water containing 15 ppm monochloramine buffered to pH 8.5 (15 ppm group).
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chloramide
- EC Number:
- 234-217-9
- EC Name:
- Chloramide
- Cas Number:
- 10599-90-3
- Molecular formula:
- ClH2N
- IUPAC Name:
- chloranamine
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Monochloramine
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- confirmed and informed consent free of coercion received
- Remarks:
- The trial was conducted in the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at the University of Cincinnati Hospital and was approved by its Institutional Review Board. All subjects gave written informed consent to participate.
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE:
Oral: Consumption of drinking water containing monochloramine.
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Area air sampling / Personal sampling / Exposure pads / Biomonitoring (urine) / Biomonitoring blood / other:
EXPOSURE LEVELS:
2 ppm and 15 ppm of monochloramine
EXPOSURE PERIOD:
4 weeks
POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD:
DESCRIPTION / DELINEATION OF EXPOSURE GROUPS / CATEGORIES:
Results and discussion
- Results:
- The short-term (4 weeks) consumption of drinking water containing 2 ppm monochloramine did not affect any parameters of lipid or thyroid metabolism in the healthy men studied. The short-term consumption of drinking water containing 15 ppm monochloramine was associated with an increase in the level of plasma apolipoprotein B, but there were no significant changes in other parameters of lipid and thyroid function.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, at a concentration of 2ppm no effect was observed for lipid or thyroid metabolism in healthy men. Drinking water monochloramine at a concentration of 15 ppm was associated with an increase in apolipoprotein B levels.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 4-week consumption of 1.5L per day of drinking water containing monochloramine at a concentration of 2 ppm (ppm = mg/L) or 15 ppm under controlled conditions would alter parameters of lipid or thyroid metabolism in healthy men. Forty-eight men completed an 8-week protocol during which diet (600 mg cholesterol per day, 40% calories as fat) and other factors known to affect lipid metabolism were controlled. During the first 4 weeks of the protocol, all subjects consumed distilled water. During the second 4 weeks, one-third of the subjects were assigned randomly to drink 1.5 L per day of water containing 2 ppm of monochloramine, to drink 1.5 L per day of water containing 15 ppm monochloramine, or to continue drinking distilled water. Four blood samples were collected from each subject at the end of each 4-week study period. Subjects drinking monochloramine at a concentration of 2 ppm showed no significant changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A1, A2, or B when compared to the distilled water group. Parameters of thyroid function also were unchanged by exposure to monochloramine at this concentration. However, subjects drinking monochloramine at a concentration of 15 ppm experienced an increase in the level of apolipoprotein B. Other parameters of lipid and thyroid metabolism did not change. We conclude that consumption of drinking water containing 2 ppm of monochloramine does not alter parameters of lipid and thyroid metabolism in healthy men. Consumption of water containing 15 ppm monochloramine may be associated with increased levels of plasma apolipoprotein B.
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