9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sulfonated, potassium salts

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From November 27, 2007 to November 29, 2007

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Controls: Negative control (i.e., dilution water)

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Cladoceran
- Source: Culture maintained by Wildlife International, Ltd., Easton, Maryland
- Age at study initiation : Neonates < 24 h at test start
- Adults: Five adult daphnids were used to supply neonates for the test. They were held for at least 20 d prior to collection of the juveniles for testing, and had each produced at least one previous brood. Adult daphnids in the culture had produced an average of at least 3 young/adult/d over the 7 d period prior the test. The adults showed no signs of disease or stress and no ephippia were produced during the holding period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

Observations of mortality, immobility and other signs of toxicity were made approximately 5, 24 and 48 h after test initiation.

Hardness:

132 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20±1°C

pH:

8.3-8.5

Dissolved oxygen:

≥7.9 mg/L (≥88% of saturation)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 0, 3.8, 7.5, 15, 30 and 45 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass beakers
- Depth: 7.8 cm
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 daphnids per test chamber
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Water obtained from a well approximately 40 meters deep located on the Wildlife International, Ltd. site
- Well water: Moderately-hard water
- Filtration: The well water was passed through a sand filter to remove particles greater than approximately 25 µm, and pumped into a 37,800 L storage tan where the water was aerated with spray nozzles. Prior to use, the water was filtered to 0.45 µm to remove fine particles.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS (during the 2-week period preceding the test)
- Water temperature: From 20±1°C (i.e., measured with a hand-held liquid-in-glass thermometer)
- pH: From 8.3-8.5 (i.e., measured with a Thermo Orion Model 525Aplus meter)
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations: ≥7.9 mg/L (≥88% of saturation) (i.e., measured with a Thermo Orion Model 850Aplus dissolved oxygen meter)
- Photoperiod: 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. a 30 minute transition period of low light intensity was provided at the beginning and end of the 16 h light period.
- Light intensity: 395 lux (i.e., measured using a SPER Scientific Model 840006C light meter)

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: A stock solution was prepared at a nominal concentration of 60 mg/L by mixing a calulcated amount of test substance into dilution water. The stock solution was mixed by inversion. Aliquots of the 60 mg/L stock solution were proportionally diluted with well water to prepare 500 mL of test solution at nominal concentrations of 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/L.
- After mixing: All test solutions appeared clear and colorless.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

8.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality/immobility

Remarks on result:

other: 6.6 to 11 mg/L

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 4.56 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality/immobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 3.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality/immobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

ca. 2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: mortality/immobility

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The nonlinear interpolation and probit analysis were used to calculate the 24 and 48 h EC50 values, respectively.

Cumulative mortality, immobility and observations

Nominal Concentration (mg/L)	Replicate	Daphnia/Replicate	5 h			24 h			48 h			Percent Immobile and Dead
			Number Dead1	Number Immobile	Effects2	Number Dead	Number Immobile	Effects	Number Dead	Number Immobile	Effects
Negative Control	A	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0
	B	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0	0	9 AN; 1 C
3.8	A	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0	1	9 AN	10
	B	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0	1	9 AN
7.5	A	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0	5	5 AN	45
	B	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0	4	6 AN
15	A	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	0	8	2 AN	80
	B	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	10 AN	1	7	1 AN; 1 C
30	A	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	4 AN; 6 C	10	0	--	95
	B	10	0	0	10 AN	0	0	5 AN; 5 C	9	0	1 C
60	A	10	0	0	10 AN	0	6	4 C	10	0	--	100
	B	10	0	0	10 AN	0	8	2 C	10	0	--
1	Cumulative number of dead fish
2	Observations: AN = appear normal; C = lethargy

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 value of the test substance to D. magna, was determined to be 8.6 mg/L (i.e. ca. 4.56 mg a.i./L). The 48 h NOEC was <3.8 mg/L (i.e. ca. 2.0 mg a.i./L) (nominal).

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance (purity 53%) to Daphnia magna, according to OECD Guideline 202 and EPA OPPTS 850.1010, in compliance with GLP. No analytical determination of concentration levels was carried out. Observations of mortality and other signs of toxicity were noted approximately 5, 24 and 48 h after test initiation. Percent mortality/immobility in the 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/L treatment groups were 45, 80, 95 and 100%, respectively. Results were presented as nominal concentrations. Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 value of the test substance to Daphnia magna, was determined to be 8.6 mg/L (i.e. ca. 4.56 mg a.i./L). The 48 h NOEC was <3.8 mg/L (i.e. ca. 2.0 mg a.i./L) (nominal) (Minderhout, 2008).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

4.56 mg/L

Additional information

A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the test substance (purity 53%) to Daphnia magna, according to OECD Guideline 202 and EPA OPPTS 850.1010, in compliance with GLP. No analytical determination of concentration levels was carried out. Observations of mortality and other signs of toxicity were noted approximately 5, 24 and 48 h after test initiation. Percent mortality/immobility in the 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg/L treatment groups were 45, 80, 95 and 100%, respectively. Results were presented as nominal concentrations. Under the study conditions, the 48 h EC50 value of the test substance to Daphnia magna, was determined to be 8.6 mg/L (i.e. ca. 4.56 mg a.i./L). The 48 h NOEC was <3.8 mg/L (i.e. ca. 2.0 mg a.i./L) (nominal) (Minderhout, 2008).