Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 444-860-9 | CAS number: 474510-57-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: sewage treatment simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3220 (Porous Pot Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Springbom Smithers Laboratories 790 Main Street Wareham, Massachusetts 02571-1037
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on source and properties of surface water:
- - Details on collection: prepared from a Sybron/Bamstead NANOpure® water purification system (meets ASTM Type II requirements)
- Details on source and properties of sediment:
- - Details on collection: reference sludge
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Wareham wastewater treatment
- Laboratory culture: no
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Exactly 1400 mL of activated sludge was added to the porous pots within four hours of collection and was aerated throughout the acclimation period. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were generally maintained at greater than 2 mg/L and averaged 4.5 and 4.6 mg/L for the test item and control units, respectively. Activated sludge was characterized at least three times during the work week (e.g. Monday, Wednesday, Friday) by measurement of pH, ammonia (NH3), MLSS, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and DO. Activated sludge was acclimated to the natural feed for one week prior to test initiation. After this one week acclimation period, two porous pot reactors were chosen for the definitive study.
- Concentration of sludge: 3.0 L of sewage - Duration of test (contact time):
- 3 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 3 720 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Volume of test solution/treatment: 1.5-L glass cylinder bioreactors each containing a porous mesh stainless steel cylinder (tube)
- Test temperature: 22 ± 3 °C
- pH: 6.41 to 7.11
- pH adjusted: no
- Aeration of dilution water: yes
- Continuous darkness: yes (away from direct light)
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 1.5-L glass cylinder bioreactors each containing a porous mesh stainless steel cylinder (tube)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: three times weekly in the sewage, activated sludge, influent and effluent:
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes
- Abiotic sterile control: no
- Toxicity control: yes - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 100
- Parameter:
- test mat. analysis
- Sampling time:
- 2 d
- Transformation products:
- not specified
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- not specified
- Volatile metabolites:
- not specified
- Residues:
- not specified
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The results of the study indicate that the test substance, when added to the sewage influent at 5 mg/L (3.70 mg C/L), underwent essentially complete primary biodegradation by day 2 of the study. DOC effluent levels from the test susbtance unit were consistently 2 to 3 mg/L higher than the control unit receiving sodium benzoate. This observation suggests that the test substance was transformed to several water-soluble organic compounds that were possibly detected by the HPLC/UV analytical method at retention times ranging from 5.1 to 5.7 minutes.
- Executive summary:
In this study conducted to generally accepted scientific standards the test material (EC 444-860-9) was determined to be X.
Reference
TEST CONDITIONS
The minimum/maximum temperature in environmental chamber ranged from 21.5 to 22.5 "C during the 21-day study, which was within the guideline value of 22 ± 3 °C. All parameters (D.O., pH, DOC, ammonia, percent moisture, total solids, MLSS and MLVSS) remained stable and within expectations and requirements throughout the study.
Ammonia levels remained very low indicating that ammonia was being oxidized to nitrate because of satisfactory DO levels. Biomass (MLVSS) was also increasing throughout the study. The data also indicates that the effluent DOC values for the test substance bioreactor averaged approximately 2 mg/L higher that the control unit receiving sodium benzoate. Since sodium benzoate is readily biodegradable, there is probably little if any residual DOC from the sodium benzoate in the control unit, and the excess 2 mg/L in the test substance unit may reflect degradation products. The DOC analysis results for the influent sewage which range from 42 to 82 ppm carbon throughout the 21-day study.
TEST SUBSTANCE BIODEGRADATION
The average test substance concentration in the sewage influent over the course of this study was 4.52 mg/L.
Almost complete primary biodegradation (98.6%) occurred by day 1 of the study, and complete primary biodegradation (100%) occurred by day 2 and the remainder of the study.
The chromatograms show the test substance at a retention time of 7.5 minutes. The day 9 influent sample is the same as the sewage feed sample but it was collected just before it dropped into the sludge. The influent also shows the test substance peak at 7.5 minutes and proved that the test substance was being transferred from the feed storage container to the activated sludge. The day 8 and 9 sludge and effluent chromatograms do not show the test substance, but do show some very small peaks at 5.1 through 5.7 minutes. These peaks do not appear in the raw sewage or in the reference control sludge or reference control effluent.
Description of key information
Study conducted to generally recognised scientific standards with GLP.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The test substance underwent essentially complete primary biodegradation by day 2 of the study.
A Porous Pot Test according OPPTS method 835.3220 and GLP has been conducted (Springborn Smithers Laboratories 2006). The purpose of this study was to determine the biodegradation of the non-radiolabeled test substance in activated sludge contained in a porous pot bioreactor under conditions simulating an actual wastewater treatment plant. The test substance (i.e., 5.00 mg a.i./L) was exposed to a concentration of microorganisms typical for conventional domestic activated sludge wastewater treatment plants and monitored for biodegradation via dissolved organic carbon (DOC) disappearance and chemical specific analysis. At each sampling interval, the concentration of the test substance in solution and adsorbed to activated sludge was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) to evaluate potential biodegradation and adsorption of the test substance.
The results of the study indicate that the test substance, when added to the sewage influent at 5 mg/L (3.71 mg C/L), underwent essentially complete primary biodegradation by day 2 of the study. DOC effluent levels from the test substance unit were consistently 2 to 3 mg/L higher than the control unit receiving sodium benzoate. This observation suggests that the test substance was transformed to several water-soluble organic compounds that were possibly detected by the HPLC/UV analytical method at retention times ranging from 5.1 to 5.7 minutes.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.