Reaction mass of 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and fructose and glucose and sucrose

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Description of key information

96 h, EC50 (green algae): 6280 mg/L (ECOSAR v1.00)

96 h, ChV (green algae): 1327 mg/L (ECOSAR v1.00)

Additional information

No data are available on the toxicity of Reaction mass of 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and fructose and glucose and sucrose to algae. Short-term invertebrate toxicity data, available for one of the main constituents isomaltulose (CAS No. 13718-94-0), and short-term fish data, available for the structural analogue sodium gluconate (CAS No. 527-07-1), indicate no hazard potential (EC50 > 100 mg/L and EC50 > 10000 mg/L, respectively). Furthermore, based on the molecular structure of the constituents, and their natural occurrence and role in common metabolic pathways, toxic effects on aquatic organisms are not to be expected.

Reaction mass of 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and fructose and glucose and sucrose is an aqueous solution of the carbohydrates isomaltulose (32 ± 5%), trehalulose (28 ± 5%), fructose, glucose and sucrose (the latter three combined: 32 ± 5%). The remaining fraction consists of isomaltose and oligosaccharides (max. 10%). Fructose and glucose are common monosaccharides that feed into glycolysis. Glycolysis is a well described metabolic pathway used by virtually all cells, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, to produce energy in form of ATP. Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by the glycosidic linkage of glucose and fructose. It can be cleaved into its component monosaccharides by the enzyme sucrase (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2002). Glucose, fructose and sucrose are included in Annex IV of Regulation 1907/2006/EC, as sufficient information is known about these substances, and they are considered to cause minimum risk because of their intrinsic properties. Isomaltulose is a disaccharide composed of α-1,6-linked glucose and fructose, naturally occurring in honey and sugar cane juice. As sucrose, isomaltose is cleaved to fructose and glucose by disaccharidases, and the monosacharides are metabolised following the same classical routes (Lina, Jonker and Kozianowski, 2002; and references therein). Trehalulose is the 1,1-linked glucosylfructose isomer of sucrose (1,2-linked glucosylfructose). It is expected to be hydrolysed to glucose and fructose by disaccharidases, which are ubiquitous among organisms in nature.

Additionally, QSAR calculations for the constituents of Reaction mass of 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and fructose and glucose and sucrose also indicate very low toxicity to algae with EC50 values of 6280 - 604000 mg/L and chronic values of 1327 - 33386 mg/L.

Based on all information available on the constituents of Reaction mass of 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose and fructose and glucose and sucrose, the substance is not expected to have adverse effects on algae, and testing is thus not considered necessary.

 

References:

Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2002, Biochemistry (5^thed.) W.H. Freeman and Company

Lina, Jonker and Kozianowski, 2002, Isomaltulose (Palatinose ®): a review of biological and toxicological studies. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40, 1375-1381