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EC number: 209-967-5 | CAS number: 599-61-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effects on fertility
Effect on fertility: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 0.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- Good; The studies are not OECD-type studies, howerver designed to investigate the fertility and teratogenicity endpoint similar to a regular study. In addition, because dapsone is used as a pharmaceutical for > 60 years with hundred thousands of treated patients and thousands of people protected from malaria by dapsone (including the well surveilled US and AUS military personnel who served in Vietnam) no fertility effects have been reported.
Additional information
The main toxic effect of dapsone is methemoglobin formation. This effects occurs in humans rarely at a daily dose of 100 mg/person/day and becomes more frequent in patients with a metabolic disease. The effect is frequent and clinically relevant at about 400 mg/person/day (or ~ 6 mg/kg/day). Fertility effects have been noted in male rats at 12 mg/kg/day and in female rats at 30 mg/kg/day. The effects in male rats are a reduction of sperm number and motility and in female rats an increased number of early resorptions and derived effects (e.g. number of offsprings).
Short description of key information:
Male rats: Reduction of sperm number and motility (males). Effect occurs at toxic doses comparable with therapeutic clinical doses and above.
Female rats: Increased number of early resorptions. Effect occurs at clearly toxic doses for the female.
Justification for selection of Effect on fertility via oral route:
Effects on both male and female fertility were noted. The NOAEL for male fertility effects is lower than the NOAEL for female fertility effects.
Effects on developmental toxicity
Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- mouse
- Quality of whole database:
- The two studies together (KS.developemtal toxicity and female.fertiltiy.01, which includes the evaluation of teratogenicity) indicate that no teratogenciity occurs.
Additional information
Based on the NTP-study conducted, Dapsone is not teratogenic in CD-1 Swiss albino mice. The result is confirmed in the combined study on female fertility and teratogenicity in the rat (Female fertility.01).
Toxicity to reproduction: other studies
Additional information
The fertility effect in the rat (sperm motility and number) is relevant at doses significantly above human exposure during therapy or workplace exposure. Clinical experience shows that in the course of high dapsone therapy methemoglobinaemia is very frequent at a comparable dose as in the rat study. Rats showed also pale or blue extremities and other effects. There is a clear evidence that the fertility effects occur at doses which provoke clear signs of toxicity.The effect is therefore considered secondary to parental toxicity.
There are Human data (see e.g. the review by Wolf et al () from pregnant leprosy patients exposed to high doses of dapsone. The effects on the foetus were not teratogenc, but sometimes embryotoxic/lethal (likely by low availability of oxygen during development).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Not classifiable. The effect observed happens at doses which likely provoke methemoglobinaemia. Clinical signs in the test animal support this assumption.
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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