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EC number: 272-940-1 | CAS number: 68921-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study, which is rated as reliability 2 because it is a read-across study.
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to IUCLID Section 13 for the read-across justification.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Melting point: <0 °C
- Boiling point: 258 °C
- Vapour pressure: Not measured
- Water solubility (under test conditions): Not measured
OTHER PROPERTIES (if relevant for this endpoint)
- Results of test for ready biodegradability: 8 % after 28 day
- Other: - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Daily cell counts were made visually by means of direct microscopic examination with a hemocytometer.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Individual WAFs were prepared for each test level and renewed daily. Individual WAFs were prepared by adding a measured weight of test material to a measured volume of dilution water (1-L) in a glass vessel and stirring for 24 hours. Following the mixing period, the test solutions were allowed to stand for approximately 4 hours before the water phase was siphoned off. The siphoned water phase (i.e., WAF) was used for the aquatic toxicity test.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Cells taken from a log-growth phase in-house culture of Selenastrum capricornutum that was originally purchased from University of Texas at Austin alga collection.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period specified.
- Hardness:
- Not specified
- Test temperature:
- Test temperature (ºC) - 24 + 1.
- pH:
- pH ranged from 7.6 - 8.1 at 0-hour and 9.0 - 9.7 after 96 hours.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not specified
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, 0.3, 3.3, 33, 330 and 3,300 mg/L WAF loading rates.
- Details on test conditions:
- A static test was conducted; i.e., there was no daily renewal of test solution. Three 100-mL replicates per treatment, inoculum ~10,000 cells/mL. The 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks were stoppered with foam plugs to reduce entry of dust, etc. During the test all treatment and control flasks were randomly placed on an orbital shaker adjusted to approximately 100 cycles per minute under constant light (24 hours/day). Daily cell counts were made visually by means of direct microscopic examination with a hemocytometer.
Light: Cool-white fluorescent lights provided a light intensity of 370 to 380 foot-candles 24-h per day. Test temperature (ºC) - 24 + 1.
Dilution Water: Sterile enriched alga growth media adjusted to pH 7.5.
Particulate matter ranged from <10 mg/L at the start of the test to 29 mg/L at the end of the test. pH ranged from 7.6 - 8.1 at 0-hour and 9.0 - 9.7 after 96 hours.
Test Levels: Control, 0.3, 3.3, 33, 330 and 3,300 mg/L WAF loading rates. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 33 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 600 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 870 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- Effects were determined to be algistatic based on the rapid re-growth of an aliquot of cells taken from 500 mg/L cultured in fresh control media.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No data
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EL50s were calculated using Standard statistical methods from Stephan (1983)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Endpoint: growth rate
Exposure period: 96 hour(s)
Unit: mg/l
NOEC: c = 33
EL50 : c = 600
EL0 : c = 870 - Executive summary:
Study conducted to OECD test guidelines in compliance with GLP. Effects were determined to be algistatic based on the rapid re-growth of an aliquot of cells taken from 500 mg/L cultured in fresh control media.
Endpoint: growth rate
Exposure period: 96 hour(s)
Unit: mg/l
NOEC: c = 33
EL50 : c = 600
EL0 : c = 870
Read across to supporting substance, CAS No. 36878 -20 -3, by structural analogue.
Reference
Description of key information
Read across to supporting substance CAS 36878 -20 -3. Effects were determined to be algistatic based on the rapid re-growth of an aliquot of cells taken from 500 mg/L cultured in fresh control media. However the results do not trigger classification and labelling under Directive (EC) No 1272/2008 - the CLP Directive.oss to supporting substance CAS 36878 -20 -3. Effects were determined to be algistatic based on the rapid re-growth of an aliquot of cells taken from 500 mg/L cultured in fresh control media. However the results do not trigger classification and labelling under Directive (EC) No 1272/2008 - the CLP Directive.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 600 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 33 mg/L
Additional information
Read across to supporting substance, CAS No. 36878 -20 -3, by structural analogue. Substance structure attached under Illustration.
This substance has been supported under Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program. The American Chemical Councils RAPA Panel, has derived a “Substituted Diphenylamines” category of chemicals for this substance, please refer to EPA reference 201-14700A located at
http://www.epa.gov/hpv/pubs/summaries/subdipha/c13378rt.pdf
Relying on several factors specified in EPA’s guidance document on “Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program,” in which use of chemical categories is encouraged, the chemicals constitute a chemical category on the following basis:
Structural Similarity. A key factor supporting the classification of these chemicals as a category is their structural similarity (see Figure 1). All share a common starting material; Diphenylamine (Benzenamine, N-phenyl-, CAS# 122-39-4), a common synthetic pathway, and all compounds in this category are diamines with various substitutions.
Similarity of Physicochemical Properties. The similarity of the physicochemical properties of these materials parallels their structural similarity. All are off-white to light brown solids or viscous liquids intended for use as antioxidants in finished rubber articles or as antidegradant additives that extend the useful life of heavy-duty industrial functional fluids used in high-speed, high-temperature and/or high-load applications. As a class, these amine-based antidegradant compounds are less migratory (more polymer-bound) and less staining than the Substituted p-Phenylenediamine antidegradants. The use of these materials requires that they be stable under high temperatures. Their low volatility is due to their low vapor pressure, highly viscous or solid form. The existing information for these materials indicates that they have low water solubility and high flash points.
Fate and Transport Characteristics. Members of this category have been shown to be not readily biodegradable, so additional testing is not needed. The lack of water solubility of the members of this category makes hydrolysis testing unnecessary. These materials have been shown not to partition to water or air if released into the environment due to their low water solubility and low vapor pressure.
Toxicological Similarity. Review of existing published and unpublished test data for Substituted Diphenylamines shows the aquatic and mammalian toxicity among the materials within this category are similar.
Aquatic Toxicology. Data on acute fish toxicity, acute invertebrate toxicity, and alga toxicity were reviewed. With increasing molecular weight, the toxicity to aquatic organisms decreases. These materials have high estimated log Kowvalues, such that acute toxicity is not expected at or below their low levels of water solubility. For the purposes of the HPV Program, additional testing was not proposed for the members of this category.
Conclusion. Based upon the data reviewed in “Substituted Diphenylamines” category of chemicals, the physicochemical and toxicological properties of the Substituted Diphenylamine category members are similar and follow a regular pattern as a result of that structural similarity. Therefore, the definition of a chemical category has been met, and read across is considered appropriate for the category of chemical.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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