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EC number: 231-212-3 | CAS number: 7447-41-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1999-03-23 to 1999-06-11
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Version / remarks:
- 1981
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.2 (Acute Toxicity (Inhalation))
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.1300 (Acute inhalation toxicity)
- Version / remarks:
- 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- NA
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- acute toxic class method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lithium chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-212-3
- EC Name:
- Lithium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7447-41-8
- Molecular formula:
- ClLi
- IUPAC Name:
- lithium chloride
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories
- Weight at study initiation: males: 253 g to 319 g
- Housing: animals were individually housed in stainless steel suspended rat cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, Purina Laboratory Rodent Chow 5001
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum, fresh tap water
- Acclimation period: animals were acclimated for a minimum of 5 days prior to study start
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18.3°C - 20.6°C
- Humidity (%): 53 % - 61 %
- Air changes (per hr): the exposure was conducted for 4 hours. At the end of the exposure, the chamber was cleared for approximately 10 minutes by drawing room air through it at the same flow rate (37.2 litres per minute) prior to removing the animals
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours fluorescent light/ 12 hours dark
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: The 11-liter ADG nose-only exposure chamber was made of anodized aluminium and was operated dynamically.
- Source and rate of air: The calculated 99 % equilibrium time for the chamber at a flow rate of 37.2 litres per minute was 1.4 minutes (equivalent to 1 "air change" every 18 seconds).
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: The test animals were assigned to and housed in individual polycarbonate nose-only tubes during the exposure. The tube position assignment ensured equal distribution of both sexes around the chamber.
- Method of particle size determination: The aerodynamic particle size distribution was determined by gravimetric analysis of the amount of test material collected on the impactor stages. The MMAD, GSD and the percent of aerosol less than or equal to 1, 10, and 15 microns in size were determined by logarithmic-probability plotting.
- Treatment of exhaust air: The chamber air was exhaust from the bottom of the chamber and passes through an orifice tube system which continuously monitored airflow and then through a commercial filter box.
- Temperature, humidity, in air chamber: 21.7 °C, 74 %
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: Chamber air samples were also taken twice during the exposure to determine the aerodynamic particle size distribution of airbone material. The samples were drawn through a Sierra Series 218 cascade impactor at 2.82 litres per minute.
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter)/GSD (Geometric st. dev.): less than or equal to 1, 10, and 15 microns in size were determined by logarithmic-probability plotting - Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- mean concentration: 5.57 mg/L
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Statistics:
- Particle size distributions will be determined, by log-probability plotting of the data and subsequent determination of the MMAD, GSD and other particle size parameters from the data plots. The LC50 and 95 % confidence limits will be determined, if applicable, by a suitable logit or probit analysis.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- NA
Effect levels
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 5.57 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Mortality:
- One female died on study day 1.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Treatment-related clinical signs observed during the study included chromodacryorrhea, chromorhinorrhea, decreased locomotion, dyspnea, lacrimation, oral discharge and squinting eyes. Other signs included abdominogenital staining of the fur, unkempt fur a
- Body weight:
- Three females lost weight during day 0 through day 7 weighing interval. These same animals gained weight during the day 7 through day 14 weighing interval. The remaining animals exhibited normal increases in body weight during the study.
- Gross pathology:
- There were no gross internal lesions observed in any animal at necropsy.
Any other information on results incl. tables
No other information
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the 4-hour LC50 for Lithium chloride is greater than 5.57 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The acute inhalation toxicity of Lithium chloride in Sprague-Dawley rats was determined according to OECD Guideline 403 and EU method B.2. A group of five male and five female Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed to a respirable aerosol of Lithium Chloride. Animals were exposed for 4 hours at a mean concentration of 5.57 mg/L in a dynamically-operated, nose-only inhalation exposure chamber. Gravimetric airborne test material samples were taken frequently during the exposure. Particle size samples were taken twice during the exposure. Observations for toxicity and mortality were performed frequently during the exposure, upon removal of the rats from the chamber, at one hour post-exposure and twice daily thereafter for 14 days. Individual body weights were recorded immediately prior to exposure on day 0 and on days 7 and 14. On day 14, all surviving animals were sacrificed and gross necropsy examinations were performed. Gross necropsies were also performed on animals dying prior to study termination.
One animal died during the study. Treatment-related clinical signs observed during the study included chromodacryorrhea, chromorhinorrhea, decreased locomotion, dyspnea, lacrimation, oral discharge and squinting eyes. Most signs resolved by day 3 post-exposure and all surviving animals were normal from day 10 through study termination. Three females lost weight during the day 0 through day 7 weighing interval. These same animals gained weight during the day 7 through day 14 weighing interval. The remaining animals exhibited normal increases in body weight during the study. There were no gross internal lesions observed in any animal at necropsy.
Under the conditions of this study, the 4-hour LC50 for Lithium chloride is greater than 5.57 mg/L.
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