4-amino-2-fluorobenzamide

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

22 Feb - 24 Feb 2022

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2022

Report date:

2022

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

adopted April 13, 2004

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4-Amino-2-fluoro-benzamide

EC Number:

809-434-2

Cas Number:

609783-45-1

Molecular formula:

C7H7FN2O

IUPAC Name:

4-Amino-2-fluoro-benzamide

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method:Duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media of all test concentrations and the control were taken at the start of the test.
For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the test period, duplicate samples from the test media of all test concentrations and the control were collected at the end of the test (after 48 hours) by pouring together the contents of the test beakers of each treatment.
All samples were diluted by a factor of 1.25 with acetonitrile.
Additional samples of the untreated controls and the sample dilution solvent were taken at each sampling at test start and test end without any sample treatment.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: deep frozen

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The test medium of the highest test concentration of nominal 100 mg test item/L was prepared by dissolving 77.8 mg test item into 778 mL test water by intense stirring for 1 hour and 10 minutes. Adequate volumes of this test medium were diluted with test water to prepare the test media of the other desired test concentrations.
The test media were prepared just before introduction of the daphnids (= start of the test).
In the control, test water was used without addition of the test item.
Test Concentrations: 100, 30.3, 9.2, 2.8 and 0.8 mg test item/L (spacing factor 3.3), and a control.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
Daphnia magna (Straus), clone 5
Age at Test Start: From 2.25 to 22.25 hours old
Source: The daphnids introduced in the test were taken from ibacon's in-house laboratory culture.
The daphnids were bred in the laboratories of ibacon under similar temperature and light conditions as used in the test. The cultivation of the parental daphnids was performed in Elendt M4 medium. The test organisms were not first brood progeny. The daphnids in the stock culture were fed at least on all working days with green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) freshly grown in the laboratories of ibacon.
Feeding during the test: none
Acclimatisation: not necessary, since the test was performed in the same medium as the culturing.

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

Water Hardness: 2.5 mmol/L (= 250 mg/L) as CaCO3

Test temperature:

Water Temperature:
19.3 to 19.5 °C at test start;
19.0 to 19.2 °C at test end
(Target: 18 °C – 22 °C, ± 1 °C)

pH:

8.0 at test start;
8.0 to 8.1 at test end; and thus the pH-value did not vary by more than 1.5 units
(Target: pH 6 – 9)

Dissolved oxygen:

10.7 to 10.9 mg/L at test start;
8.7 to 9.6 mg/L at test end
(Target: >= 3 mg/L)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Test Concentrations: 100, 30.3, 9.2, 2.8 and 0.8 mg test item/L (spacing factor 3.3), and a control

The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. All reported results refer to nominal values since the concentrations of the test item were within ± 20% of the nominal concentrations during the test.

Details on test conditions:

Test Vessel: Glass beakers of 100 mL volume containing approximately 60 mL of test medium. The test vessels were covered with a lid to reduce the loss of water due to evaporation and to avoid the entry of dust into the solutions.
Light Regime: 16 h light : 8 h dark
Light Intensity: The light intensity was 530 to 630 lux (measured once during the test).
Introduction of Daphnids: 20 daphnids per control and test concentration, divided into 4 groups of 5 animals, each group in one test vessel. Daphnia were assigned to the test vessels randomly.
Replicates: The test was performed with four replicates per treatment group. Exposure Time: 48 hours
Test Procedure: A static test was performed.
Feeding: None
Sampling: Samples were taken at test start (0 hours) and test end (48 hours)

Test Parameter:
Immobility: The mobility of the daphnids was determined by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours. Those animals that are not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker were considered to be immobile (even if they could still move their antennae).

No pre-experiments were performed.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

For the evaluation of the quality of the Daphnia clone and the consistency of the experimental conditions, the reference item potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions.

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

5.11 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

3.21 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

2.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

9.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Signs of Intoxication after 48 Hours:
After 48 hours of exposure, no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and up to and including the test item concentration of 2.8 mg test item/L. At the concentrations of 9.2, 30.3 and 100 mg test item/L, all animals were immobile at test end.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Results of the most recent Test with the Reference Item Potassium Dichromate in July 2021
Dose response test: 0.40, 0.60, 0.89, 1.33, 2.0 mg/L
EC50 24 h: 1.21 mg/L
NOEC 24 h: 0.60 mg/L
LOEC 24 h: 0.89 mg/L
EC50 48 h: 0.844 mg/L
NOEC 48 h: 0.40 mg/L
LOEC 48 h: 0.60 mg/L

The reference test was valid; The results indicate that the sensitivity of the daphnids was consistent with the level proposed by the OECD 202 guideline (EC50-24 h between 0.6 and 2.1 mg potassium dichromate/L).

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The 24-hour and 48-hour EC50, EC20 and EC10 and the 95 % confidence limits were calculated by probit analysis.
The NOEC and LOEC after 24 and 48 hours were calculated by Step-down Cochran Armitage test procedure.
The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional, Version 3.3.0, ToxRat Solutions GmbH.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Validity criteria

Criterion	value required	value obtained	fullfilled
Control immobilisation rate	< 10%	0%	yes
Dissolved oxygen concentration	at the end of the test >= 3 mg O2/L	≥ 8.7 mg O2/L in in all treatment groups at the end of the test	yes

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

see "Any other information on results incl. tables"

Conclusions:

The toxic effect of the test item to Daphnia magna was assessed in a static concentration-response test. The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be 2.8 mg test item/L. The 48-hour LOEC was determined to be 9.2 mg test item/L and the 48-hour EC50 value was calculated to be 5.11 mg test item/L.
The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. All reported results refer to nominal values since the concentrations of the test item were within ± 20% of the nominal concentrations during the test.

Executive summary:

Test Species: Daphnia magna, clone 5; 2.25 to 22.25 hours  old

Test Design:This study encompassed 6 treatment groups (5 dose rates of the test item, and a control) each containing 20 individuals. The mobility of the daphnids was determined in a static 48-hour test by visual observation after 24 and 48 hours.

Endpoints: Number of immobile organisms after 24 and 48 hours

Test Concentrations: 100, 30.3, 9.2, 2.8 and 0.8 mg test item/L (spacing factor 3.3), and a control.

Test Conditions: Water temperature: 19.0 to 19.5 °C; pH value: 8.0 to 8.1; dissolved oxygen concentration: 8.7 to 10.9 mg/L; photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark; light intensity: 530 to 630 lux. Thus, test conditions were within the ranges requested by guideline OECD 202.

Results: After 48 hours of exposure, no immobilisation of the test animals was observed in the control and up to and including the test item concentration of 2.8 mg test item/L. At the concentrations of 9.2, 30.3 and 100 mg test item/L, all animals were immobile at test end. No sublethal effects on the daphnids were observed in any treatment.

Parameter
	after 24 h	after 48 h
EC50 mg test item/L	22.9	5.11
EC20 mg test item/L	4.07	3.77
EC10 mg test item/L	1.65	3.21
NOEC mg test item/L	2.8	2.8
LOEC mg test item/L	9.2	9.2

Analytical Results: The quantification of the test item in the test samples was performed using liquid chromatography with UV detection. At the start of the test 94 % of the nominal test concentrations were found (average of all test concentrations). After 48 hours test duration, 95 % of the nominal value was determined (average of all test concentrations). During the test the daphnids were exposed to a mean of 94 % of nominal.

Conclusion: The toxic effect of the test item to Daphnia magna was assessed in a static concentration-response test. The 48-hour NOEC was determined to be 2.8 mg test item/L. The 48-hour LOEC was determined to be 9.2 mg test item/L and the 48-hour EC₅₀ value was calculated to be 5.11 mg test item/L. The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. All reported results refer to nominal values since the concentrations of the test item were within ± 20% of the nominal concentrations during the test.