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EC number: 632-619-2 | CAS number: 881685-58-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 05 Jun 2011 to 10 Jun 2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Testing Guidelines for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides
- Version / remarks:
- issued by Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture (ICAMA), China (2004 d
raft) - Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone
- Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- frog
- Test organisms (species):
- Xenopus laevis
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 37 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See validity criteria in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'
- Conclusions:
- In this acute toxicity study in Xenopus larvae, performed in accordance with ICAMA guideline, the 48-h LC50 and NOEC were determined to be 37 µg/L and 12 µg/L, respectively, based on the nominal concentrations.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of the test item to larvae of the amphibian species Xenopus laevis was determined in a 48-hour semi-static test with daily test medium renewal according to the ICAMA Testing Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides (Draft, 2004). The study was in compliance with GLP criteria. The organisms were exposed to nominal concentrations of 5.5, 12, 25, 55 and 120 μg/L. Additionally, a control and a solvent control (acetone) group were tested in parallel. At the start of the test 30 larvae were randomly allocated to three replicates of each of the test concentrations and the dilution water and solvent controls. The larvae were transferred to new replicate vessels with freshly prepared test medium every 24 hours. Observations for mortalities and visible abnormalities were made at 6, 24 and 48 hours. The test conditions were: 21° C, pH 7.0 – 7.3, dissolved oxygen concentrations at 8.0 – 8.8 mg/L (no aeration was provided), and 16 hours light and 8 hours dark with 30 minute dawn and dusk transition periods (180 – 480 lux).
Statistically significant mortalities were observed at nominal concentrations of 25 μg/L and above. Symptoms of toxicity observed included apathy and tumbling during swimming at concentrations of 55 μg/L and above. In the control, solvent control, and the test concentrations up to and including 12 μg/L no significant mortality (not above control response) and no visible abnormalities were observed in the larvae. In the control and at the lowest test concentration of 5.5 μg/L, one larva each was dead after 48 hours (3.3% mortality). These observations were considered as natural mortality since according to the test guidelines a mortality rate up to 10% is tolerated in the controls for the test to be valid. Based on the findings, the 48-h LC50 and NOEC were determined to be 37 µg/L and 12 µg/L, respectively, based on the nominal concentrations.
Reference
Results and Discussion
The median lethal concentration (LC50) was defined as the concentration resulting in 50% mortality of the larvae in the time period specified and was calculated by Moving Average Interpolation and Probit analysis. The NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) was defined as the highest tested concentration which did not produce toxic-related mortalities or physical and behavioural abnormalities, when compared to the control organisms, and was determined by visual inspection of the data.
Statistically significant mortalities were observed at nominal concentrations of 25 μg/L and above. Symptoms of toxicity observed included apathy and tumbling during swimming at concentrations of 55 μg/L and above. In the control, solvent control, and the test concentrations up to and including 12 μg/L no significant mortality (not above control response) and no visible abnormalities were observed in the larvae. In the control and at the lowest test concentration of 5.5 μg/L, one larva each was dead after 48 hours (3.3% mortality). These observations were considered as natural mortality since according to the test guidelines a mortality rate up to 10% is tolerated in the controls for the test to be valid.
Table 1. Effects of the test substance on the survival of Xenopus larvae
Nominal concentration (µg/L) | Sum of abnormal and dead larvae / number of dead larvae Type of visible abnormalities (n = 30) | ||
6 hours | 24 hours | 48 | |
Dilution water control | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1* |
Solvent Control | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
5.5 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1* |
12 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
25 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 4/4 |
55 | 30/0 AP | 30/4 AP, TS | 30/26 AP, TS |
120 | 30/6 | 30/30 | -/- |
LC50 (µg/L) | > 120 | 71 | 37 |
95% confidence interval | Cannot be determined | 62 - 82 | 32 - 43 |
NOEC (µg/L) | n.d. | n.d. | 12 |
LOEC (µg/L) | n.d. | n.d. | 25 |
-/-: all larvae dead
*: 3.3% mortality (a mortality rate of 10% is tolerated by the test guidelines for the test to be valid)
AP: apathy
TS: tumbling during swimming
Validity criteria
The test was considered to be valid, since the mortality in the control and solvent control did not exceed 10%, and the oxygen concentration was always higher than 5.8 mg/L as requested by the test guideline.
Description of key information
48-h LC50 = 37 μg/L and NOEC = 12 μg/L, Xenopus laevis, ICAMA, Peither 2007
Additional information
One study is available for this endpoint. The acute toxicity of the test item to larvae of the amphibian species Xenopus laevis was determined in a 48-hour semi-static test with daily test medium renewal according to the ICAMA Testing Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides (Draft, 2004). The study was in compliance with GLP criteria. The organisms were exposed to nominal concentrations of 5.5, 12, 25, 55 and 120 μg/L. Additionally, a control and a solvent control (acetone) group were tested in parallel. The larvae were transferred to new replicate vessels with freshly prepared test medium every 24 hours. Observations for mortalities and visible abnormalities were made at 6, 24 and 48 hours. The test conditions were: 21° C, pH 7.0 – 7.3, dissolved oxygen concentrations at 8.0 – 8.8 mg/L (no aeration was provided), and 16 hours light and 8 hours dark with 30 minute dawn and dusk transition periods (180 – 480 lux).
Statistically significant mortalities were observed at nominal concentrations of 25 μg/L and above. Symptoms of toxicity observed included apathy and tumbling during swimming at concentrations of 55 μg/L and above. In the control, solvent control, and the test concentrations up to and including 12 μg/L no significant mortality (not above control response) and no visible abnormalities were observed in the larvae. Based on the findings, the 48-h LC50 and NOEC were determined to be 37 µg/L and 12 µg/L, respectively, based on the nominal concentrations.
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