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EC number: 406-250-0 | CAS number: 72619-32-0 HALOXYFOP R-(+)-ME HERBICIDAL CHEMICAL
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-6 (Aquatic Organism Accumulation Tests)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 165-4 (Laboratory Studies of Pesticide Accumulation in Fish)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Phenyl labelled DOWCO 453 ME
Specific activity: 11.7 mCi/mmole
Radiochemical purity: >98% - Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling intervals/frequency for test organisms: Fish were sampled at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, and 28 days during a 28-day uptake period and on days 1, 2 and 4 of the clearance phase. After four days of clearance, all the remaining fish in each aquaria were sacrificed.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Individually frozen
- Details on sampling:
Uptake phase: Of these five fish, one was combusted for a total radioactivity level in whole fish, two were separated into fillet (muscle) and remainder (head, skin, viscera, skeleton) and combusted for total radioactivity in each portion, and two were extracted for parent/metabolite characterization. The only exception to this was with the 0.5 day sampling for which no fish were extracted; instead two fish were frozen as retainers for future analysis, if necessary. Throughout the uptake phase, fish from the control aquarium were sacrificed at the same frequency as those from the exposure aquarium and used for blanks and recovery determinations. Control fish were sacrificed in a similar manner as described above for exposure fish.
Clearance phase: After four days of clearance, all the remaining fish in each aquaria were sacrificed. At all clearance phase sampling points one clearance fish was Combusted for total radioactivity in whole fish, two were separated into fillet and remainder and Combusted for total radioactivity in each portion, and on days 1 and 2, two were extracted for parent/metabolite characterization. As in the uptake portion of the experiment, the control fish were used for blanks and recovery determinations.
Determinations of total radioactivity in water samples were made by direct counting of 5-ml aliquots of the water mixed with 15 mL Aquasol, on a Beckman LS-9800 Liquid Scintillation (LS) Spectrometer. During the uptake and clearance phases of the experiment daily water samples were taken for LS counting.
Samples of water from the exposure aquarium were analyzed at least once a week for parent and metabolites during the uptake portion of the experiment. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Controls: Yes
- Chemical name of vehicle: Acetone
- Concentration: 3.50 µg [14C] DOWCO453 ME/mL acetone - Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Bluegill
- Strain: Lepomis macrochirus
- Source: Osage Beach Catfisheries, Columbia, Missouri)
- Length at study initiation: 3-4.5 cm
- Weight at study initiation: 0.5-0.7 g
- Description of housing/holding area: 110-L stainless steel tank
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Synthetic feed
- Frequency: Each day after any sampling and the feed was allowed to remain for at least 0.5 hrs
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 21 days
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: synthetic diet - Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Justification for method:
- minimised test method used to support BCF estimates based on Kow
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 28 d
- Total depuration duration:
- 4 d
- Hardness:
- 73-76 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 16.3 to 17.9°C
- pH:
- 7.7 to 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1 to 9.6 mg/L
- Salinity:
- Alkalinity: 46 to 52 mg/L as CaC03
- Conductivity:
- 140-150 µmhos/cm
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 40-L glass aquaria. Three aquaria were positioned in the trough, a control aquarium, an exposure aquarium and a clearance aquarium. Each aquarium was equipped with a magnetic stirring bar to ensure that the water was well mixed. All parts of the dilutor system which contacted the dilution, water or exposure water were made of Teflon, glass, or silicone.
- Type of flow-through: Peristaltic diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution: Daily
- No. of fish per vessel: 85
- No. of vessels per control: 1
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The standard dilution water supply is pumped from the upper Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron off Whitestone Point and is limed and flocculated with ferric chloride at the City of Midland Water Treatment Plant. The water is sand filtered, pH adjusted with CO2 to ~pH 8, carbon filtered, and UV irradiated in the laboratory prior to use. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.33 µg/L
- Key result
- Conc. / dose:
- 0.33 µg/L
- Temp.:
- >= 16.3 - <= 17.9 °C
- pH:
- 7.7
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- < 17 dimensionless
- Basis:
- other: whole fish
- Calculation basis:
- kinetic
- Key result
- Rate constant:
- other: uptake rate constant (mL/g/day)
- Value:
- 720
- Rate constant:
- other: biotransformation of test substance (days-1)
- Value:
- 200
- Rate constant:
- other: clearance of metabolites (days-1)
- Value:
- 0.82
- Details on kinetic parameters:
- - Uptake rate constant k(s): A computer simulation model was developed which estimated the uptake rate constant of the test substance from water to be about 720 mL/g/day. In addition, values for the rate constants for the biotransformation of the test substance and the clearance of the metabolites formed were estimated to be 200 days-1 and 0.82 days-1, respectively. These values correspond to half-lives of about 5 minutes and 0.8 days, respectively.
- Metabolites:
- The total 14C residue level within whole fish averaged about 0.27 µg/g test substance equivalents over the course of the uptake phase. The principal component of the 14C residue was DOWCO453 acid which accounted for an average of about 60% of the radioactivity. Two other polar metabolites were detected in the fish which accounted for an average of about 14% of the radioactivity and an average of about 25% of the radioactivity. Once transferred to clean water. all metabolites cleared quickly with similar clearance rates.
- Details on results:
- There was no fish mortality in any aquarium during either the uptake or clearance phase of the test and at no time during the entire experiment did the fish appear unhealthy or stressed.
- Conclusions:
- Estimated BCF (whole fish): <17
- Executive summary:
Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) were exposed to a 14C-test substance concentration averaging 0.29 µg/L under flow-through conditions for 28 days following the guidelines EPA OPP 72-6 and 165-4. At the end of 28 days, the fish were transferred to clean water for a 4-day clearance period. Bluegill were periodically sampled and analyzed for total radioactivity in fillet (muscle), remainder (head, skin, viscera, skeleton), and whole fish. Whole fish were also extracted and analyzed for the test substance and metabolites.
Bluegill were found to rapidly absorb the ester from water which was then biotransformed at an extremely fast rate within the fish such that essentially no test substance was detected in the fish. The estimated bioconcentration factor for the test substance in whole fish was <17, based upon the detection limit for the ester in fish and the average concentration of the test substance in exposure water.
The total 14C residue level within whole fish averaged about 0.27 µg/g test substance equivalents over the course of the exposure period. The principal component of the 14C residue was DOWCO 453 acid which accounted for an average of about 60% of the radioactivity. Two other polar metabolites were detected in the fish which accounted for an average of about 14% of the radioactivity and an average of about 25% of the radioactivity, respectively. Once transferred to clean water, all metabolites cleared quickly with similar clearance rates.
A computer simulation model was developed which estimated the uptake rate constant of the test substance from water to be about 720 mL/g/day. In addition, values for the rate constants for the biotransformation of the test substance and the clearance of the metabolites formed were estimated to be 200 days-1and 0.82 days-1, respectively. These values correspond to half-lives of about 5 minutes and 0.8 days, respectively.
Reference
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- BCF (aquatic species):
- 17 dimensionless
Additional information
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