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EC number: 802-788-9 | CAS number: 127090-71-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020-05-25 to 2020-05-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Annex 5 corrected 28 July 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 01 March 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: For determination of the test item concentrations in the test solutions, all three test vessel were analysed at the start and at the end of the study. In case of control samples, all six test vessel were analysed at the start and at the end of the test.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method:
The test solutions used in the test was prepared by mechanical dispersion without using of any solubilising agent.
For preparation of test solutions a stock solution of 100 mg/L (nominal concentration) was first prepared by dissolving an amount of 0.0817 g test item in 817 mL OECD medium. The test solutions of subsequent concentrations were prepared by appropriate dilution of this stock solutions
- Controls: negative (blank) control, positive control - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 61.81 SAG (identical strains: CCAP 278/4; UTEX 1648; ATCC 22662)
- Source: The algae were supplied by the SAG: Collection of Algal Cultures, Inst. Plant Physiology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.
- Age of inoculum: 3 days (exponentially growth)
- Method of cultivation: The stock cultures are small algal cultures that are planted on agar. These are transferred to fresh medium at least once every two months under standardised conditions according to the test guidelines. The pre-culture was prepared with OECD Medium, incubated under the conditions of the test and used when still exponentially growing, normally after an incubation period of 2-4 days. (The pre-culture was incubated for three days at this test.) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- not specified
- Test temperature:
- 22.5 – 23.3°C
- pH:
- 7.59 – 9.60
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Salinity:
- not relevant
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 0 (blank control), 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
measured (at the start of the test): 6.167, 12.482, 25.222, 50.244 and 100.883 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: closed with permeable stoppers
- Material, size, fill volume: glass, ~250 mL nominal volume,100 mL fill volume
- Aeration: agitated by using an orbital shaker
- Initial cells density: 10^4 cells/mL in each test flask
- Control end cells density: 10^4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (OECD Medium)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted algal growth medium (OECD medium, according to OECD 201) prepared with deionised water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 6988 lux, wavelength range: 400 – 700 nm
DETERMINATION OF CELL CONCENTRATION
- Determination of cell concentrations: counting chamber
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: performed
- Test concentrations: 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 21.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 12.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 38.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 7.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 12.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 39.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 13.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: No morphological abnormalities were observed in the control and in the concentrations of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/L during the test.
Swollen cells were observed together with the normal cells in the concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L.
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Other: none
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 72h ErC50: 0.52 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 0.46 – 0.58 mg/L)
72h EyC50: 0.31 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 0.28 – 0.35 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For the determination of the LOEC and NOEC, Jonckheere-Terpstra Test (for growth rate) and Dunnett-t test (for yield) was used by SPSS software. For the determination of the ECx values Probit analysis was used by SPSS software.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In an algae growth inhibition test according to OECD TG 201 with Raphidocelis subcapitata the 72-hour EC50 and EC10 for the growth rate was determined to be > 100 mg/L and 21.8 mg/L (nominal), respectively. The 72-hour EC50 and EC10 based on biomass were found to be 38.3 mg/L and 7.5 mg/L (nominal), respectively. The 72-hour NOEC was 12.5 mg/L (nominal) both for the growth rate and biomass.
- Executive summary:
To determine the effect of the test item on the growth of a unicellular green algal species Raphidocelis subcapitata a growth inhibition test according to OECD TG 201 and EU Method C.3. was carried out in compliance with GLP principles. Exponentially growing cultures of Raphidocelis subcapitata were exposed for 72 hours to nominal test item concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L over several generations under defined conditions. An untreated control group (OECD Test Medium without test item) was tested parallel with the treated cultures. The test design included three replicates at each test concentration and six replicates for the untreated control. The alga cell concentration was approximately 104 cells/mL at the start of the test in all of the test cultures. The algal cell concentration was determined in 24-hour intervals by manual cell counting using a microscope. The nominal test item concentrations were analytically verified by using a HPLC-UV method. The measured concentrations remained within ± 20 % of the nominal over the test period of 72 hours. All validity criteria of the guidelines were met. The 72-hour EC50 and EC10 for the growth rate was determined to be > 100 mg/L and 21.8 mg/L in nominal, respectively. The 72-hour EC50 and EC10 based on biomass were found to be 38.3 and 7.5 mg/L in nominal, respectively. The 72-hour NOEC was 12.5 mg/L in nominal both for the growth rate and biomass.
Reference
Table 1: Algal cell number (× 104cell/mL)during the test period of 72 hours and Yield
Concentration |
|
Number of Cells (× 104/mL) |
Yield |
|||
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
|||
Control |
|
1 |
3 |
10 |
49 |
48 |
|
1 |
2 |
8 |
47 |
46 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
8 |
36 |
35 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
9 |
52 |
51 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
6 |
44 |
43 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
7 |
33 |
32 |
|
Mean |
1.00 |
2.50 |
8.00 |
43.50 |
42.5 |
|
SD |
0.00 |
0.55 |
1.41 |
7.50 |
7.50 |
|
6.25 |
|
1 |
4 |
8 |
43 |
42 |
|
1 |
3 |
6 |
39 |
38 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
7 |
36 |
35 |
|
Mean |
1.00 |
3.33 |
7.00 |
39.33 |
38.3 |
|
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
1.00 |
3.51 |
3.51 |
|
12.5 |
|
1 |
2 |
6 |
36 |
35 |
|
1 |
3 |
6 |
29 |
28 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
4 |
37 |
36 |
|
Mean |
1.00 |
2.33 |
5.33 |
34.00 |
33.0 |
|
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
1.15 |
4.36 |
4.36 |
|
25 |
|
1 |
2 |
6 |
32 |
31 |
|
1 |
3 |
5 |
31 |
30 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
5 |
28 |
27 |
|
Mean |
1.00 |
2.67 |
5.33 |
30.33 |
29.3 |
|
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
0.58 |
2.08 |
2.08 |
|
50 |
|
1 |
3 |
5 |
30 |
29 |
|
1 |
2 |
5 |
18 |
17 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
3 |
20 |
19 |
|
Mean |
1.00 |
2.67 |
4.33 |
22.67 |
21.7 |
|
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
1.15 |
6.43 |
6.43 |
|
100 |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
11 |
10 |
|
1 |
2 |
2 |
6 |
5 |
|
|
1 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
|
Mean |
1.00 |
2.33 |
2.67 |
7.00 |
6.0 |
|
SD |
0.00 |
0.58 |
0.58 |
3.61 |
3.61 |
Table 2: The specific Growth Ratesduring the test period of 72 hours
Concentration |
|
Growth Rates (µ) |
||
0 – 24 h |
0 – 48 h |
0 – 72 h |
||
Control |
|
0.0458 |
0.0480 |
0.0541 |
|
0.0289 |
0.0433 |
0.0535 |
|
|
0.0458 |
0.0433 |
0.0498 |
|
|
0.0289 |
0.0458 |
0.0549 |
|
|
0.0289 |
0.0373 |
0.0526 |
|
|
0.0458 |
0.0405 |
0.0486 |
|
Mean |
0.0373 |
0.0430 |
0.0522 |
|
SD |
0.0093 |
0.0038 |
0.0025 |
|
6.25 |
|
0.0578 |
0.0433 |
0.0522 |
|
0.0458 |
0.0373 |
0.0509 |
|
|
0.0458 |
0.0405 |
0.0498 |
|
Mean |
0.0498 |
0.0404 |
0.0510 |
|
SD |
0.0069 |
0.0030 |
0.0012 |
|
12.5 |
|
0.0289 |
0.0373 |
0.0498 |
|
0.0458 |
0.0373 |
0.0468 |
|
|
0.0289 |
0.0289 |
0.0502 |
|
Mean |
0.0345 |
0.0345 |
0.0489 |
|
SD |
0.0098 |
0.0049 |
0.0019 |
|
25 |
|
0.0289 |
0.0373 |
0.0481 |
|
0.0458 |
0.0335 |
0.0477 |
|
|
0.0458 |
0.0335 |
0.0463 |
|
Mean |
0.0401 |
0.0348 |
0.0474 |
|
SD |
0.0098 |
0.0022 |
0.0010 |
|
50 |
|
0.0458 |
0.0335 |
0.0472 |
|
0.0289 |
0.0335 |
0.0401 |
|
|
0.0458 |
0.0229 |
0.0416 |
|
Mean |
0.0401 |
0.0300 |
0.0430 |
|
SD |
0.0098 |
0.0061 |
0.0037 |
|
100 |
|
0.0289 |
0.0229 |
0.0333 |
|
0.0289 |
0.0144 |
0.0249 |
|
|
0.0458 |
0.0229 |
0.0193 |
|
Mean |
0.0345 |
0.0201 |
0.0258 |
|
SD |
0.0098 |
0.0049 |
0.0071 |
Table 3: Growth Rates (µ) and percentage inhibition of µ during the test period
Concentration |
Growth Rates (µ)and % Inhibition ofµ |
|||||
0–24 h |
0–48 h |
0–72 h |
||||
µ |
% |
µ |
% |
µ |
% |
|
Control |
0.0373 |
– |
0.0430 |
– |
0.0522 |
– |
6.25 |
0.0498 |
-33.3 |
0.0404 |
6.1 |
0.0510 |
2.4 |
12.5 |
0.0345 |
7.5 |
0.0345 |
19.8 |
0.0489 |
6.4 |
25 |
0.0401 |
-7.5 |
0.0348 |
19.2 |
0.0474 |
9.3 |
50 |
0.0401 |
-7.5 |
0.0300 |
30.3 |
0.0430 |
17.7 |
100 |
0.0345 |
7.5 |
0.0201 |
53.4 |
0.0258 |
50.6 |
Table 4: Morphological changes of algal cells
Concentration[mg/L] |
Morphological changes |
||
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
|
Control |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
6.25 |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
12.5 |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
25 |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
50 |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
100 |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
- normal cells |
Table 5: Concentration of Test Item measured in the Test Solutions
Nominal concentration mg/L |
Mean of the measured concentrations |
||||
Start (May 25, 2020) |
End (May 28, 2020) |
||||
Concentration (mg/L) |
% of the nominal |
Concentration (mg/L) |
% of the nominal |
||
Control |
not detected |
- |
not detected |
- |
|
6.25 |
6.167 |
99 |
5.065 |
81 |
|
12.5 |
12.482 |
100 |
10.686 |
85 |
|
25 |
25.222 |
101 |
22.318 |
89 |
|
50 |
50.244 |
100 |
51.060 |
102 |
|
100 |
100.883 |
101 |
102.957 |
103 |
Description of key information
In an algae growth inhibition test according to OECD TG 201 with Raphidocelis subcapitata the 72-hour EC50 and EC10 for the growth rate was determined to be > 100 mg/L and 21.8 mg/L in nominal, respectively. The 72-hour EC50 and EC10 based on biomass were found to be 38.3 and 7.5 mg/L in nominal, respectively. The 72-hour NOEC was 12.5 mg/L in nominal for both the growth rate and biomass.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
To determine the effect of the test item on the growth of a unicellular green algal species Raphidocelis subcapitata a growth inhibition test according to OECD TG 201 and EU Method C.3. was carried out in compliance with GLP principles. Exponentially growing cultures of Raphidocelis subcapitata were exposed for 72 hours to nominal test item concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L over several generations under defined conditions. An untreated control group (OECD Test Medium without test item) was tested parallel with the treated cultures. The test design included three replicates at each test concentration and six replicates for the untreated control. The alga cell concentration was approximately 104 cells/mL at the start of the test in all of the test cultures. The algal cell concentration was determined in 24-hour intervals by manual cell counting using a microscope. The nominal test item concentrations were analytically verified by using a HPLC-UV method. The measured concentrations remained within ± 20 % of the nominal over the test period of 72 hours. All validity criteria of the guidelines were met. The 72-hour EC50 and EC10 for the growth rate was determined to be > 100 mg/L and 21.8 mg/L, respectively. The 72-hour EC50 and EC10 based on biomass were found to be 38.3 and 7.5 mg/L, respectively. The 72-hour NOEC was 12.5 mg/L both for the growth rate and biomass.
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