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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 945-733-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 11.75 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 881.58 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
As a point of departure for the inhalation long term DNEL, the NOAEL of 1 000 mg/kg bw/day from the combined repeated dose toxicity with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test in rats was chosen. In the absence of any experimental absorption data for both the starting route (oral) and the end route (inhalation), the worst case assumption was made, assuming a limited absorption for the oral route, leading to a low (conservative) internal NOAEL. It is proposed, in the absence of route-specific information on the starting route, to include a default factor of 2 (50 % absorption is assumed for oral absorption, and 100 % for inhalation.) in accordance with ECHA guidance document R.8 (ECHA, 2012)[1].
[1]ECHA (2012) Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment version: 2.1.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a clear NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No applicable for inhalation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Addressed by modification of starting point.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data available on the test substance appropriate for the tonnage band.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3.33 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No hazard identified.
As a point of departure for the dermal long term DNEL, the NOAEL of 1 000 mg/kg bw/day from the combined repeated dose toxicity with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test in rats was chosen. A maximal absorption was already occurred by the oral route and no additional correction factor was introduced.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Addressed by modification of starting point.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data available on the test substance appropriate for the tonnage band.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No hazard identified.
No acute toxicity hazard (leading to C&L) has been identified for the registered substance following the oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. Therefore, according to ECHA R8 Guidance, no DNEL (acute) should be set.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.9 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 434.78 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
As a point of departure for the inhalation long term DNEL, the NOAEL of 1 000 mg/kg bw/day from the combined repeated dose toxicity with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test in rats was chosen. In the absence of any experimental absorption data for both the starting route (oral) and the end route (inhalation), the worst case assumption was made, assuming a limited absorption for the oral route, leading to a low (conservative) internal NOAEL. It is proposed, in the absence of route-specific information on the starting route, to include a default factor of 2 (50 % absorption is assumed for oral absorption, and 100 % for inhalation.) in accordance with ECHA guidance document R.8 (ECHA, 2012).
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a clear NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Not applicable for inhalation.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Addressed by modification of starting point.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for general population.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data available on the test substance appropriate for the tonnage band.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No hazard identified.
No acute toxicity hazard (leading to C&L) has been identified for the registered substance following the oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. Therefore, according to ECHA R8 Guidance, no DNEL (acute) should be set.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.67 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
As a point of departure for the dermal long term DNEL, the NOAEL of 1 000 mg/kg bw/day from the combined repeated dose toxicity with the reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test in rats was chosen. A maximal absorption was already occurred by the oral route and no additional correction factor was introduced.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Rat to human.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Addressed by modification of starting point.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data available on the test substance appropriate for the tonnage band.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.67 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The starting point is a NOAEL.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- Subacute to chronic.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Rat to human.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Addressed by modification of starting point.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for workers.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data available on the test substance appropriate for the tonnage band.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.