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Toxicological information

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity: oral, other
Remarks:
repeated exposure for 28 and 40 days in OECD 422 study
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2015-09-22 - 2015-11-06
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Remarks:
Final draft report - results reviewed
Cross-reference
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Reference
Endpoint:
screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
2015-09-22 - 2015-11-06
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Version / remarks:
1996
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Oligomerisation and alkylation reaction products of 2-phenylpropene and phenol (OAPP)
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: RÜTGERS Novares GmbH, batch No. 38900
- Composition of test material: composition is specified in IUCLID Sect. 13 - Assessment reports under Certificate of Analysis_Novares LA 300_phenol, methylstyrenated
- Stability under test conditions: found to be stable for 8 days (no longer observation)
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, exclusion of light
- Expiry date: 2017-02-13
Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Germany GmbH, D-97633, Sulzfeld, from SPF colony
- Age at study initiation: 12 weeks old at start of mating
- Weight at study initiation: 195 - 250 g (females); 341 - 408 (males), both at onset of the treatment (14 days prior to mating)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: Type II and/or III polycarbonate cages; two animals of the same sex and dose group/cage, but individually during mating and the gestation and lactation period
- Diet: ad libitum until day 4 post-partum (necropsy on day 5 post-partum)
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days (until control diet administration); 12 days (until the start of the treatment).

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19.0 - 25.0 °C
- Humidity (%): 40 - 77
- Air changes (per hr): 15 - 20
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12
Route of administration:
oral: feed
Vehicle:
corn oil
Remarks:
as carrier for mixing with the diet
Details on exposure:
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): once
- Mixing appropriate amounts with ssniff® SM R/M “Autoclavable Complete Feed for Rats and Mice – Breeding and Maintenance” by ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, D-59494 Soest, Germany
- Storage temperature of food: at room temperature, dry conditions

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle: the test item was incorporated into the diet and mixed for up to approximately 14 min (approx. 6 min for premix preparation, and 4-8 min for preparation of the complete diets) using a solution in corn oil.
- Concentration in vehicle: depending on dose group
- Amount of vehicle: 4% in the diet
Details on mating procedure:
- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: until copulation, up to 14 days
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear or vaginal plug referred to as day 0 of pregnancy (GD0)
- Any other deviations from standard protocol:
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Remarks:
3x in duplicate from five different places of the diet container from each dose group
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Validated GC method: during the non-GLP Dose Range Finding study (study code: 15/094-220PE), the stability in diet was demonstrated. During this main study the stability of test item in the diet was confirmed.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Males: pre-mating 14 days and mating/post-mating at least 14 days
Females: pre-mating 14 days, mating up to 14 days, gestation 22-24 days, and lactation 4 days
Frequency of treatment:
continuous
Dose / conc.:
300 ppm (nominal)
Remarks:
actual dose received: 24 mg/kg bw/day (calculated) (see Report Tab. 8);
Low dose - estimated target ~15 mg/kg bw/d (via diet)
Dose / conc.:
1 250 ppm (nominal)
Remarks:
actual dose received: 97 mg/kg bw/day (calculated) (see Report Tab. 8);
Mid dose - estimated target ~62.5 mg/kg bw/d (via diet)
Dose / conc.:
5 000 ppm (nominal)
Remarks:
actual received dose: 337 mg/kg bw/day (calculated) (see Report Tab. 8);
High dose - estimated target ~250 mg/kg bw/d (via diet)
No. of animals per sex per dose:
12
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: a dose-selection and palatability study had been conducted. The palatability of the rodent diet containing OAPP was investigated at 100, 300, 1000, 3000, 10000 and 20000 ppm (mg/kg diet) for 14 consecutive days (CiToxLAB Study code 15/094-220PE). The low food intake at 10000 and 20000 ppm indicated that these dose levels were above the Maximum Tolerated Dose for an OECD No. 422 study.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): an equal number of animals from each weight group was randomly allocated to each dose group as to ensure that the mean group weights were similar.
Positive control:
none
Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: 1x/d
- Cage side observations checked in Appendix 1.1.1 were included.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: prior to treatment, then 1x/wk

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: all animals on day 0, then 2x/wk, P-females on GD 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 20 and on postpartal days 0, 2, and 4.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: yes

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data

OTHER: Functional observation battery (FOB) including grip strength and motor activity - with selected animals during the last week of treatment: (males on Day 27, females PND 4)

OTHER: Haematology and urinalysis (at sacrifice - males on day 29, females on PND 5)
Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
During the mating period until a sperm positive vaginal smear or a vaginal plug was identified.
Sperm parameters (parental animals):
Parameters examined in [all/P/F1/F2] male parental generations:
[testis weight, epididymis weight, daily sperm production, sperm count in testes, sperm count in epididymides, enumeration of cauda epididymal sperm reserve, sperm motility, sperm morphology, other:]

Special attention was paid to evaluation the stages of spermatogenesis in the male gonads and histopathology of interstitial testicular cell structure. Detailed histological examination of the ovaries covered the follicular, luteal, and interstitial compartments of the ovary, as well as the epithelial capsule and ovarian stroma. (4.7.3)
Litter observations:
STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: yes

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in F1 offspring:
number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies, weight gain, physical or behavioural abnormalities, anogenital distance (AGD), presence of nipples/areolae in male pups, other: body weight

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
yes, for external and internal abnormalities; possible cause of death was/was not determined for pups born or found dead

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
SACRIFICE
- Male animals: all surviving animals after mating
- Maternal animals: all surviving animals after weaning, terminally one day after the last treatment (4.7)

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera. Special attention was paid to the organs of the reproductive system. The number of implantation sites and the number of corpora lutea were recorded in the female animals.

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS (4.7.3)
The tissues indicated in the Table were prepared for microscopic examination and weighed, respectively.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):
not applicable
Statistics:
see Report 4.8: ....The homogeneity of variance between groups was checked by Bartlett’s homogeneity of variance test. Where no significant heterogeneity was detected, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out. If the obtained result was significant, Duncan Multiple Range test was used to access the significance of inter-group differences. For a significant result at Bartlett’s test, the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used and the inter-group comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Chi2 test was performed as feasible.
Reproductive indices:
see Report Tab.14 and 15: Summary of reproductive parameters / Table 16 Summary of the intrauterine evaluation)
Offspring viability indices:
Report 4.8:
- Mean pup body weight (per pup within the group and per litter) on PND 0 and 4 †
- Mean pup body weight gain (per litter) between postnatal days 0-4 †
- Number of live births per litter, and number of viable pups per litter on postnatal days 0 and 4 †
- * Survival Index of pups on postnatal days 0 and 4 †
- *Sex distribution % (on postnatal days 0 and 4) †

[see also Report Tab.16 (Summary of the intrauterine evaluation) and Table 17 (Summary of clinical observation of the pups)]
Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
For the high-dose P-males (5000 ppm), significantly lower body-weight values were recorded during the entire treatment period. On day 28, the mean body weight was approx. 9% lower than that of the control (Report, Table 10 and Figure 3).

In the mid- and high-dose P-females, statistically significant bw decreases of approx. 8 and 10% were recorded at the end of mating (on day 14) and of approx. 11 and 20% at the end of the study (on PND4) (Report, Table 10 and Figure 4).
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
In the high-dose males and females (5000 ppm), significantly lower mean food consumption was noted.
Food efficiency:
not specified
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Statistically significant increases (p<0.01) in the platelet count in both, the male and female high-dose group, but the observed mean values were within the historical control range. In conclusion, none of the above findings were clearly attributed to the test-item administration.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Behaviour (functional findings):
no effects observed
Immunological findings:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Hepatocellular vacuolisation without pathological findings, with no signs of degeneration or necrosis or impairment of liver function. Morphological changes are considered to be an adaptive response rather than an adverse effect of OAPP exposure (see Report 8.5.3, Tab. 21).
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not specified
Description (incidence and severity):
not applicable
Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
see Appendix 1.1.7
Reproductive function: sperm measures:
not specified
Description (incidence and severity):
see Report 4.7.3
Reproductive performance:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Test item-related adverse effects were seen in the reproductive parameters of the high-dosed P0-females: significantly decreased number in corpera lutea and in implantations (Report summary). Note: Final clarification on toxicological significance needed (see Report Tab.16).

Else, no effects: Female mating index, female fertility index, and female gestation index were 100% across all groups, but the fertility index in the control group was 83% (see Report, Table 15). All male mating and fertility indices were 100% (see Table 14).
No toxicologically significant differences were detected in pre/post-implantation loss, intrauterine, post-natal or total mortality values in any of the test item-treated groups (Report summary).
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
337 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
reproductive performance
Remarks on result:
other: highest dose tested
Key result
Critical effects observed:
no
Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
not examined
Mortality / viability:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Cannibalism caused the loss of one toal litter of the high-dose dams, which supresses the post-natal survival index by about 6 - 7 % compared with the control (Report, Table 17), while the numbers of viable pups on PND4 and the pup survival indices on PND0 and PND4 in the Low and Mid dietary exposure groups (300 and 1250 ppm) were comparable to control values. Since low maternal body weight and food intake affects lactation, the reduction in viable pups at PND 4 at the High exposure level was not unexpected and was considered to be secondary to maternal toxicity.
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
In the high-dose group, there is some not statistically significant evidence of growth retardation from PND0 to PDN4 (average -6.5%), the corresponding mean body-weight gain was about 21 % less than that in the control group (Report Tab. 18). No effects evident in F1 of the low- and mid-dose group.
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not specified
Description (incidence and severity):
not applicable. Suckling was normal but one control pup failed to.
Food efficiency:
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
not applicable
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
not applicable
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
not applicable
Haematological findings:
not examined
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not examined
Urinalysis findings:
not examined
Sexual maturation:
not specified
Description (incidence and severity):
not applicable
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
not examined
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Only external macroscopic examinations performed: One pup each with haemorrhage was recorded in the Control, Mid and High dose groups (Report 8.4.1.)
Histopathological findings:
not examined
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Developmental immunotoxicity:
not examined
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Generation:
F1
Effect level:
97 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
viability
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: post-natal development until PND4 includes notable cannibalism
Key result
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Generation:
F1
Effect level:
337 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
viability
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: post-natal development until PND4 includes notable cannibalism
Key result
Critical effects observed:
no
Lowest effective dose / conc.:
337 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
System:
other: unspecific post-natal impairment of viability
Organ:
not specified
Key result
Reproductive effects observed:
yes
Lowest effective dose / conc.:
337 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Treatment related:
yes
Relation to other toxic effects:
reproductive effects as a secondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects
Dose response relationship:
yes
Relevant for humans:
not specified

DIET ANALYSIS and DOSES

Table7: Summary of analytical results

Nominal

concentration

(ppm)

Measured concentrations

from different samples

(ppm)

Measured concentrations

Mean±SD, (ppm)

Measured

concentration

(% of nominal)

 

300

1.    284.8.3

2.    263.13.5

3.    302.4.0

 

283.19.9

 

94.5%

 

1250

1.    1147.26.0

2.    1014.7.5

3.    1031.19.0

 

1064.72.3

 

85.2%

 

5000

1.    5674.6±129.1

2.    5194.82.9

3.    4835.181.0

 

5234.421.0

 

104.7%

Note: Set1 was measured 18-21 September 2015; Set2 was measured 22-24 October 2015; Set3 was measured 04-06 November 2015.

Table8: Mean test item intake

 

OAPP concentration in diet (ppm)

 

Target dose levels (mg/kgbw/day)

Mean Test Item Intake (mg/kgbw/day)

 

Males

 

Females

Combined for

Males and Females

300

at least 15

21.1.2

27.5±1.3

24.5

1250

at least 62.5

86.3.4

107.5.8

97.1

5000

at least 250

314.13.9

360.26.0

337.6

HISTOPATHOLOGY

Table21: Microscopic examination of the livers of P0 -males and P0-females

 

Groups/Concentration (ppm)

Low-dose

(300)

Mid-dose

(1250)

High-dose

(5000)

Males (Day29)

n=12

n=12

n=12

Hepatocellular vacuolation

3

11

12

Minimal

3

10

1

Slight

0

1

7

Moderate

0

0

4

Females
(Day PN5)

n=12

n=12

n=12

Hepatocellular vacuolation

2

12

12

Minimal

1

6

0

Slight

1

4

2

Moderate

0

2

10

Conclusions:
The number of pups born and live-born as well as post-natal weight gain were significantly lower in the High dietary exposure group (5000 ppm; actual dose received: 337 mg/kg bw/day). These effects were considered secondary to maternal toxicity (body weight differences), with no indication of any specific reproductive toxicity at any exposure dose level. Note: this evaluation is provisional: The viability aspect depends on the interpretation of the role of cannibalism, which caused the loss of a total litter, while post-natal groth retardation is independent of this factor.

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2016
Report date:
2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
Version / remarks:
1996
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no

Test material

1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Oligomerisation and alkylation reaction products of 2-phenylpropene and phenol
EC Number:
700-960-7
Molecular formula:
not applicable
IUPAC Name:
Oligomerisation and alkylation reaction products of 2-phenylpropene and phenol
Test material form:
liquid: viscous
Details on test material:
- Manufacturers identification: Novares LA 300
- Substance type: organic
- Test material is 'Oligomerisation and alkylation reaction products of 2-phenylpropene and phenol' (OAPP), EC list number 700-960-7 (assigned manually to validated substances from inquiries by ECHA). Originally the substance phenol, methylstyrenated, CAS No. 68512-30-1, EC No. 270-966-8 was submitted for registration. Subsequent to substance validation, the identity of the substance was changed by ECHA.
- for additional information see respective study record
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Oligomerisation and alkylation reaction products of 2-phenylpropene and phenol (OAPP)
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: RÜTGERS Novares GmbH, batch No. 38900
- Expiry date: 2017-02-13
- Composition of test material: composition is specified in IUCLID Sect. 13 - Assessment reports under Certificate of Analysis_Novares LA 300_phenol, methylstyrenated
- Stability under test conditions: found to be stable for 8 days (no longer observation)
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature, exclusion of light
- Expiry date: 2017-02-13

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Germany GmbH, D-97633, Sulzfeld, from SPF colony
- Age at study initiation: 12 weeks old at start of mating
- Weight at study initiation: 195 - 250 g (females); 341 - 408 (males), both at onset of the treatment (14 days prior to mating)
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: Type II and/or III polycarbonate cages; two animals of the same sex and dose group/cage, but individually during mating and the gestation and lactation period
- Diet: ad libitum until day 4 post-partum (necropsy on day 5 post-partum)
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days (until control diet administration); 12 days (until the start of the treatment).

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19.0 - 25.0°C
- Humidity (%): 40 - 77
- Air changes (per hr): 15 - 20
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: feed
Vehicle:
corn oil
Remarks:
used as carrier for mixing with the diet
Details on oral exposure:
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): once
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): ssniff® SM R/M “Autoclavable Complete Feed for Rats and Mice – Breeding and Maintenance” by ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, D-59494 Soest, Germany
- Storage temperature of food: at room temperature, dry conditions

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle: The test item was incorporated into the diet and mixed for up to approximately 14 min (approx. 6 min for premix preparation, and 4 - 8 min for preparation of the complete diets) using a solution of test item in corn oil.
- Concentration in vehicle: depending on dose group
- Amount of vehicle: 4% in the diet
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Remarks:
3x in duplicate from five different places of the diet container from each dose group
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Validated GC method: During the non-GLP Dose Range Finding study (study code: 15/094-220PE), the stability in diet was demonstrated. During this main study, the stability of test item in the diet was confirmed.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Males: at least 28 days (pre-mating 14 days and mating/post-mating at least 14 days)
Females: at least 42 days (pre-mating 14 days, mating up to 14 days, gestation 22-24 days, and lactation 4 days)
Frequency of treatment:
continuous
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
Dose / conc.:
300 other: ppm (nominal) (corresponds to 24.5 mg/kg bw/day actual dose received)
Remarks:
Low dose - estimated target ~15 mg/kg bw/d (via diet);
actual dose: 24.5 mg/kg bw/day (calculated) (see Report Tab. 8)
Dose / conc.:
1 250 other: ppm (nominal) (corresponds to 97 mg/kg bw/day actual dose received)
Remarks:
Mid dose - estimated target ~62.5 mg/kg bw/d (via diet)
actual dose: 97.1 mg/kg bw/day (calculated) (see Report Tab. 8)
Dose / conc.:
5 000 other: ppm (nominal) (corresponds to 337 mg/kg bw/day actual dose received)
Remarks:
High dose - estimated target ~250 mg/kg bw/d (via diet);
actual dose: 337.6 mg/kg bw/day (calculated) (see Report Tab. 8)
Dose / conc.:
283 other: ppm (analytical)
Remarks:
Low concentration in diet - analytical (see Report Tab. 7)
Dose / conc.:
1 065 other: ppm (analytical)
Remarks:
Mid concentration in diet - analytical (see Report Tab. 7)
Dose / conc.:
5 235 other: ppm (analytical)
Remarks:
High concentration in diet - analytical (see Report Tab. 7)
No. of animals per sex per dose:
12
Control animals:
yes, concurrent vehicle
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: a dose-selection and palatability study had been conducted. The palatability of the rodent diet containing OAPP was investigated at 100, 300, 1000, 3000, 10000, and 20000 ppm (mg/kg diet, acc. to study report) for 14 consecutive days (CiToxLAB Study code 15/094-220PE). The low food intake at 10000 and 20000 ppm indicated that these dose levels were above the Maximum Tolerated Dose for an OECD No. 422 study.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): an equal number of animals from each weight group was randomly allocated to each dose group as to ensure that the mean group weights were similar.
Positive control:
none

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: 1x/d
- Cage side observations checked in Appendix 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 were included.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: prior to treatment, then 1x/wk

BODY WEIGHT: Yes (see Appendix 1.2.1)
- Time schedule for examinations: all animals on day 0, then 2x/wk, P-females on GD 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 and 20 and on postpartal days 0, 2, and 4.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: yes (see Appendix 1.3)
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: yes

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at sacrifice (males on day 29, females on PND 5)
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: yes (pentobarbital)
- Animals fasted: yes
- How many animals: 4 m / 5 f
- Parameters checked in Appendix 1.4 were examined.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at sacrifice (males on day 29, females on PND 5)
- Animals fasted: yes
- How many animals: 4 m / 5 f
- Parameters checked in Appendix 1.5 were examined.

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: at sacrifice (males on day 29, females on PND 5)
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: yes
- Animals fasted: yes (see report 4.6.3)
- Parameters checked in Appendix 1.6 and 2.6 were examined.

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: during last week of treatment (males on Day 27, females PND 4)
- Dose groups that were examined: selected animals
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity / other (see Appendices 1.1.4 - 1.1.6)

IMMUNOLOGY: No
Sacrifice and pathology:
SACRIFICE
- Male animals: all surviving animals (at day 29)
- Maternal animals: all surviving animals (at PND 5)

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera. Special attention was paid to the organs of the reproductive system. The number of implantation sites and the number of corpora lutea were recorded in the female animals.

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
- The tissues indicated in Table Section 4.7.3 were prepared for microscopic examination and weighed, respectively.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes, Appendices 1.9 and 2.9 (see also Report Table 21 liver data)
- In general, five control and five high-exposed animals (male and female), occasionally 12 animals per sex (gonads and accessory organs); for the liver five control animals and 12 animals of all groups each.
- The pathology report is included in Appendix 7.
Statistics:
see Report 4.8: ....The homogeneity of variance between groups was checked by Bartlett’s homogeneity of variance test. Where no significant heterogeneity was detected, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out. If the obtained result was significant, Duncan Multiple Range test was used to access the significance of inter-group differences. For a significant result at Bartlett’s test, the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used and the inter-group comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Chi2 test was performed as feasible.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
For the high-dose P-males (5000 ppm), significantly lower body-weight values were recorded during the entire treatment period. On day 28, the mean body weight was approx. 9% lower than that of the control (Table 10 and Figure 3).
In the mid- and high-dose P-females, statistically significant bw decreases of approx. 8 and 10% were recorded at the end of mating (on day 14) and of approx. 11 and 20% at the end of the study (on PND4) (Table 10 and Figure 4).
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
In the high-dose males and females (5000 ppm), significantly lower mean food consumption was noted.
Food efficiency:
not specified
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Statistically significant increases (p<0.01) in the platelet count in both male and female high-dose group, but the observed mean values were within the historical control range. In conclusion, none of the above findings were clearly attributed to the test item administration.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Behaviour (functional findings):
no effects observed
Immunological findings:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
There were statistically significant increases in the absolute and relative liver weights of the mid- and high-dose males and females. Other apparent absolute weight changes disappeared when related to body weight, therefore are not considered to be treatment-related (see Report 8.5.2, Tab. 20).
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Liver enlargement in the high-dose males and females
Neuropathological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Note: relates to functional observation battery (FOB)
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Hepatocellular vacuolisation without pathological findings, with no signs of degeneration or necrosis or impairment of liver function. Morphological changes are considered to be an adaptive response rather than an adverse effect of OAPP exposure (see Report 8.5.3, Tab. 21).
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
not applicable

Effect levels

open allclose all
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
97 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
body weight and weight gain
food consumption and compound intake
Remarks on result:
other: analytical concentration 1065 ppm (mg/kg diet)
Key result
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Effect level:
337 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
body weight and weight gain
food consumption and compound intake
Remarks on result:
other: analytical concentration 5235 ppm (mg/kg diet)

Target system / organ toxicity

Key result
Critical effects observed:
no

Any other information on results incl. tables

DIET ANALYSYS and DOSES

 

Table 7: Summary of analytical results

 

Nominal concentration (ppm)

Measured concentrations from different samples (ppm)

Measured concentrations
Mean ± SD (ppm)

Measured concentration
(% of nominal)

300

1.  284.1 ± 8.3

2.  263.1 ± 13.5

3.  302.9 ± 4.0

283.4 ± 19.9

94.5%

1250

1.  1147.5 ±2 6.0

2.  1014.8 ± 7.5

3.  1031.2 ± 19.0

1064.5 ± 72.

85.2%

5000

1.  5674.6 ± 129.1

2.5194.0 ±8 2.9

3.4835.6 ± 181.0

5234.7 ± 421.0

104.7

 

Note: Set 1 was measured September 18-21 2015; Set 2 was measured October 22-24 2015; Set 3 was measured November 04-06 2015.

 

Table 8: Mean test item intake

 

OAPP concentration in diet (ppm)

Target dose levels (mg/kg bw/day)

Mean Test Item Intake (mg/kg bw/day)

 

 

Males

Females

Combined for Males and Females

300

at least 15

21.0 ± 1.2

27.5 ± 1.3

24.5

1250

at least 62.5

86.5 ± 3.4

107.7 ± 5.8

97.1

5000

at least 250

314.8 ± 13.9

360.3 ± 26.0

337.6

 

 

HISTOPATHOLOGY

 

Table 21: Microscopic examination of the livers of P0 -males and P0-females

 

 

Groups/Concentration (ppm)

 

Low-dose (300 ppm)

Mid-dose (1250 ppm)

High-dose (5000) ppm

Males (Day 29)

n=12

n=12

n=12

Hepatocellular vacuolation

3

11

12

Minimal

3

10

1

Slight

0

1

7

Moderate

0

0

4

Females (Day PP5)

n=12

n=12

n=12

Hepatocellular vacuolation

2

12

12

Minimal

1

6

0

Slight

1

4

2

Moderate

0

2

10

 

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Repeated oral dietary exposure to approximately 340 mg/kg bw/day of OAPP produced minor toxic effects (reduced body weights, body weight gain and food consumption) in male and female rats. Although considered to be related to OAPP exposure, the increased liver weights and hepatocellular vacuolation observed at the highest dietary dose was considered to be an adaptive response. Under the conditions of this study, the systemic toxicity NOAEL is considered to be 97 mg/kg bw/day.