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EC number: 237-655-9 | CAS number: 13887-98-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 2017-10-03 to 2017-12-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Lot/batch No(s): 03/2016_R_JM
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Activated sludge, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant. Supplied on 03 October 2017 (seven days before the main test).
- Storage conditions: aerating (2 L/minute) of the activated sludge in mineral medium at 20.0 - 21.8 °C
- Storage length: 7 days
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in isotonic saline solution and again centrifuged. This procedure was repeated twice. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 5 g dry material per litre was mixed with test water (mineral medium) and then aerated under test conditions (for 7 days) until use. The pH of the activated sludge inoculum after preparation was 7.39, just before use: 7.24.
- Pretreatment: The inoculum was not pre-adapted to the test chemical.
- Concentration of sludge: 5 g dry material per litre
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: ~1E8/L
- Filtered: yes
- Type and size of filter used: cotton wool - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 5.75 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Initial conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral medium used. Prepared according to OECD 301.
- Test temperature: 20.0 - 20.1 °C
- pH: 7.38
- pH adjusted: no
- Aeration of dilution water: yes, for 20 minutes
- Suspended solids concentration: 5 g dry material/L
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Oxygen concentration of the test water: About 8 - 9 mg/L (was measured at the start of the test and found to be 8.67 mg/L).
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Winkler bottles (300 mL, coded) with special neck and glass stoppers.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration:
10 (+ 2 reserve) bottles containing the test item and inoculum;
16 (+ 2 reserve) bottles containing the reference item and inoculum (procedure control);
- Measuring equipment: The oxygen concentration was measured with an O2 electrode.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: in all duplicate bottles in all groups on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 16 (+ 2 reserve) bottles containing only inoculum (inoculum control)
- Toxicity control: 10 (+ 2 reserve) bottles containing the test item, reference item and inoculum (toxicity control) - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- ThOD 5.01 mg O2/L
- Preliminary study:
- No toxic effect of the test item was found at the investigated concentration - 5.0 mg/L.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 21.2
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of the test item reached a mean of 21.2 % after 28 days based on its ThOD.
The pass level for ready biodegradability is the removal of 60 % ThOD in a 10-day window. Minimal biodegradation of the test item occurred in this study; the value remained far below the pass level; therefore, the test item was considered to be not ready biodegradable. - Results with reference substance:
- The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 84.0 % after 14 days, and to a mean of 90.7 % after 28 days of incubation, based on its ThOD. The biodegradability reached its plateau on about the 14th day.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable, since the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThODNH4 in a 10-day window. The total degradation after 28 days of exposure was 21.2 %. The test item is regarded as inherently biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test item was determined with a non-adapted activated sludge over a test period of 28 days in the Closed bottle test according to OECD 301D, Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.4 -E and EPA OPPTS 835.3110 and under GLP. The test item was tested at a concentration of 5 mg/L in triplicates, corresponding to an oxygen content of 5.75 mg O2/L. The oxygen concentration was measured with an O2 electrode [working based on LDO (Luminescent Dissolved Oxygen) method]. The biodegradation of the reference item was not inhibited by the test item in the toxicity control. The biodegradation of the test item came to 21.2 % after 28 days. In conclusion, the test item is not readily biodegradable as the pass level of 60 % degradation was not reached in a 10-d-window within the 28 days period of the study.
Reference
Biodegradation of Toxicity Control
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a mean of 40.5 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and a mean of 41.6 % biodegradation was determined after 28 days of incubation.
Validity of the Study
Inoculum Control: The oxygen depletion in the inoculum control did not exceed 1.5 mg O2/L after 28 days. It was 1.36 mg O2/L in average.
Oxygen Concentration: The residual oxygen concentration in the test bottles did not drop below 0.5 mg O2/L at any time. (The lowest value was 3.12 mg O2/L, it was measured on the 28th day in the procedure control.)
Parallels: The difference of duplicate values for the degradation at the plateau, at the end of the test or at the end of the 10-d window was not greater than 20 %. The highest difference (12.6 %) between the duplicate values from the 14th to the 28th day of the test (this period was taken into consideration as approximately biodegradation plateau) or at the end of the test for degradation was calculated in the test item group, observed on the 21st day of the test.
Reference Item: The percentage degradation of the reference item reached the level for ready biodegradability (> 60 %) by exposure day 14. (The percentage degradation of the reference item was 84.0 % on the 14th day.)
Results
Table 1.: Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
||||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
5.0 |
1a |
9.33 |
7.66 |
7.13 |
6.77 |
6.69 |
1b |
9.33 |
7.71 |
7.02 |
6.92 |
6.81 |
||
mean |
9.33 |
7.69 |
7.08 |
6.85 |
6.75 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
9.27 |
4.69 |
3.65 |
3.57 |
3.12 |
2b |
9.29 |
4.23 |
3.78 |
3.71 |
3.65 |
||
mean |
9.28 |
4.46 |
3.72 |
3.64 |
3.39 |
||
Inoculum control |
– |
3a |
9.21 |
7.96 |
7.96 |
7.91 |
7.81 |
3b |
9.24 |
7.88 |
7.76 |
7.96 |
7.92 |
||
mean |
9.23 |
7.92 |
7.86 |
7.94 |
7.87 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
9.33 |
3.96 |
3.45 |
3.42 |
3.25 |
4b |
9.32 |
4.00 |
3.33 |
3.30 |
3.29 |
||
mean |
9.33 |
3.98 |
3.39 |
3.36 |
3.27 |
Table 2.: Oxygen Depletion at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
mg O2/L after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
5.0 |
1a |
0.36 |
0.83 |
1.27 |
1.28 |
1b |
0.31 |
0.94 |
1.12 |
1.16 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
3.28 |
4.26 |
4.41 |
4.79 |
2b |
3.76 |
4.15 |
4.29 |
4.28 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
4.07 |
4.52 |
4.62 |
4.72 |
4b |
4.02 |
4.63 |
4.73 |
4.67 |
oxygen depletion : (mt0- mtx) - (mbo- mbx), where:
mt0: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day 0 (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 1)
mtx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of test group on day x (1a, 2a, 4a and 1b, 2b, 4b from Table 1)
mb0: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day 0 (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 1)
mbx: oxygen concentration (mg/L) of inoculum blank on day x (mean of 3a and 3b from Table 1)
Table 3.: BOD at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
BOD after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
5.0 |
1a |
0.07 |
0.17 |
0.25 |
0.26 |
1b |
0.06 |
0.19 |
0.22 |
0.23 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
1.09 |
1.42 |
1.47 |
1.60 |
2b |
1.25 |
1.38 |
1.43 |
1.43 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
0.51 |
0.56 |
0.58 |
0.59 |
4b |
0.50 |
0.58 |
0.59 |
0.58 |
BOD = (mg O2 of T.i. and/or R.i. – mg O2 of i.control) / mg T.i. and/or R.i. in flask = mg O2/mg T.i and/or R.i.
where:
T.i. = test item
R.i. = reference item
i.control = inoculum control
Table 4.: Percentage Biodegradation at Different Time Intervals during the Exposure Period of 28 Days
Treatment |
Concentration |
Flask |
Percent of biodegradation after n days of exposure |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
Test item |
5.0 |
1a |
6.3 |
14.5 |
22.0 |
22.2 |
1b |
5.5 |
16.4 |
19.4 |
20.1 |
||
mean |
5.9 |
15.4 |
20.7 |
21.2 |
||
Reference item |
3.0 |
2a |
65.5 |
85.1 |
88.2 |
95.8 |
2b |
75.1 |
82.9 |
85.8 |
85.6 |
||
mean |
70.3 |
84.0 |
87.0 |
90.7 |
||
Toxicity control |
Test item: 5.0 |
4a |
36.0 |
40.0 |
41.0 |
41.8 |
4b |
35.6 |
41.0 |
41.9 |
41.4 |
||
mean |
35.8 |
40.5 |
41.4 |
41.6 |
Biodegradation % = (BOD (mg O2/mg T.i. or R.i.) / ThOD (mg O2/mg T.i. or R.i.)) * 100
where:
T.i. = test item
R.i. = reference item
ThOD of test item = 1.15 mg O2/mg test item
ThOD of reference item = 1.67 mg O2/mg reference item
The biodegradation in the toxicity control was calculated according to the following formula:
(BOD (mg O2/mg T.i. or R.i.) / [ThOD (mg O2/mg T.i. ) + ThOD (mg O2/ mg R.i.)] * 1/2) * 100
Description of key information
The test item is considered to be not readily biodegradable, since the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThODNH4 in a 10-day window. The total degradation after 28 days of exposure was 21.2 %. The item is regarded as inherently biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of the test item was determined with a non-adapted activated sludge over a test period of 28 days in the Closed bottle test according to OECD 301D, Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.4 -E and EPA OPPTS 835.3110 and under GLP. The test item was tested at a concentration of 5 mg/L in triplicates, corresponding to an oxygen content of 5.75 mg O2/L. The oxygen concentration was measured with an O2 electrode [working based on LDO (Luminescent Dissolved Oxygen) method]. The biodegradation of the reference item was not inhibited by the test item in the toxicity control. The biodegradation of the test item came to 21.2 % after 28 days. In conclusion, the test item is not readily biodegradable as the pass level of 60 % degradation was not reached in a 10-d-window within the 28 days period of the study.
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