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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 207-987-9 | CAS number: 504-24-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
4-AP has high acute toxicity to mammals via the oral route of exposure (Category I) and the dermal and inhalation routes of exposure (Category II). The acute and subchronic toxicological effects of 4-AP are manifested as hyperexcitability, hyperirritability, salivation, tremors, and muscular incoordination. 4-AP acts by blocking potassium ion channels in nerve fibers. Adverse effects in humans ingesting low levels of 4-AP (5-30 mg/day) were nervousness, giddiness or dizziness, memory alteration, cramps, arterial vasospasm and peripheral paraesthesia. Higher doses in an accidental poisoning case (one-time estimated dose of 60 mg) produced additional effects including weakness, intense diaphoresis, feeling of impending doom, dyspnea, agitation and combative behavior, and profound thirst. Human studies demonstrated that 4-AP is eliminated quickly from the body and effects did not accumulate with continuous exposure.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Previously unpublished data from the Denver Wildlife Research Center (DWRC) were derived primarily by the po methods described by DeCino et al. (1966), Schafer (1972), and Schafer et aÍ. (1967). Other methods of oral administration included force-feeding synthetic pellets (Pan and Caslick, 1966) or treated grain. Dermal toxicity was determined by the method described by Schafer et al. (1969). All test animals were adults unless noted in the table. LD50 values and 95 % confidence limits were derived by the moving-point interpolation method described by Thompson (1948), Thompson and Weil (1952), and Weil (1952). The 4AP used was technical material of about 95% purity.
Methodology for other data can be found in the cited articles. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- other: not specified
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 20 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Other findings:
- 4-Aminopyridine (4AP) is an acutely toxic substituted pyridine. In mammals, it produces the following sequence of clinical signs: hyperexcitability, salivation, tremors, muscular incoordination, clonic and tonic convulsions, cardiac or respiratory arrest, and death. At doses near the LD50, initial effects are usually noted in 10-15 min and death often occurs 15 min to 4 hr later. Occasionally, the tremor and/or convulsive stages are accompanied by audible vocalizations produced by strong, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- LD50 (rat, oral): 20 mg/kg bw
- Executive summary:
LD50 (rat, oral): 20 mg/kg bw (toxikology review: EPA TSCA Inventory)
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 20 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Peer reviewed summary from US EPA
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- data from a reliable peer reviewed summary from US EPA
- Test type:
- other: Acute dermal
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 0.53 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 3 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Acute inhalation LD50: 0.53 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Acute inhalation LD50: 0.53 mg/L
(toxicology review: EPA TSCA Inventory)
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Value:
- 0.001 mg/m³ air
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Previously unpublished data from the Denver Wildlife Research Center (DWRC) were derived primarily by the po methods described by DeCino et al. (1966), Schafer (1972), and Schafer et aÍ. (1967). Other methods of oral administration included force-feeding synthetic pellets (Pan and Caslick, 1966) or treated grain. Dermal toxicity was determined by the method described by Schafer et al. (1969). All test animals were adults unless noted in the table. LD50 values and 95 0/0 confidence limits were derived by the moving-point interpolation method described by Thompson (1948), Thompson and Weil (1952), and Weil (1952). The 4AP used was technical material of about 95% purity.
Methodology for other data can be found in the cited articles. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- other: not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- water
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Key result
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 327 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 3 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Acute dermal - rabbit LD50 = 327 mg/kg
- Executive summary:
Acute dermal - rabbit LD50 = 327 mg/kg
(toxicology review: EPA TSCA Inventory)
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 327 mg/kg bw
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.