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EC number: 801-282-5 | CAS number: 1034343-98-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
In an available publication, dermal absorption of few layer graphene (FLG) was investigated in a skin vitro test system. The study was conducted according to national standard methods with acceptable restrictions.
In the study, histological analysis were carried out on hematoxylin/eosin stained RhE specimens after single exposure of FLG to study dermal absorption.
After material exposure, RhE specimens were collected, fixed and hematoxylin/eosin stained and analyzed under the Axio Scope A1, Axiocam 503, using the Zen2 software to observe morphological changes of the skin model and presence of FLG above and within the epidermis.
The results demonstrated the presence of aggregated/agglomerated FLG above the epidermis surface, showing small flat aggregates/ agglomerates for FLG. FLG depots, far smaller than the aggregates/agglomerates observed above the epidermis surface, were observed only within the RhE stratum corneum (composed of completely keratinized keratinocytes). This result suggests that highly dispersed not-aggregated/ agglomerated materials could penetrate into the stratum corneum but could be not able to pass through the stratum granulosum down to the stratum spinosum and stratum basale.
As FLG is not able to deeply penetrate into the inner layers of the epidermis, FLG is unable to directly interact with proliferating keratinocytes of the stratum basale.
In conclusion, histological analysis demonstrated the presence of small agglomerates of FLG above the epidermis. Small depots within the epidermis were observed but limited to the stratum corneum (these depots were fare smaller that the aggregates observable above the epidermis).
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