Tetrasodium enneatitanium icosaoxide hydrate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Oral (gavage) combined repeated dose and reproduction/developmental screening study, subacute, daily dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, Rat (Wistar strain): NOEL = 1000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received) (male/female) - (GLP, OECD Guideline 422)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral

Remarks:

combined repeated dose toxicity study with reproduction / developmental toxicity screening

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

9.6.2015-5.10.2015

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

The study was performed according to the recommended Guidelines (OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, No.422: “Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test” (adopted 22 March 1996)) and GLP. The study was also designed to be compatible with Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 of 30 May 2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Deviations from the study plan are not considered to have affected the scientific purpose or integrity of the study or the results obtained.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

Adopted 22 March 1996

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

No analysis was carried out to determine the stability of the test item formulation. Deviations from the target range for relative humidity. Necropsy details for 2 animals not recorded. For histopathology examinations some tissues were not processed.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Certificate is as an attachement to the study report

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Details on species / strain selection:

Wistar Han™:RccHan™:WIST strain rats. The rat was selected for this study as it is a readily available rodent species historically used in safety evaluation studies and is acceptable to appropriate regulatory authorities.

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Laboratories UK Ltd., Oxon, UK.
- Age at study initiation: Approximately 12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: males 288-328 g, females 173-203 g
- Fasting period before study: No fasting
- Housing: Initially, all animals were housed in groups of three in solid floor polypropylene cages with stainless steel mesh lids and softwood flake bedding. During the pairing phase, animals were transferred to polypropylene grid floor cages suspended over trays lined with absorbent paper on a one male: one female basis within each dose group. Following evidence of successful mating, the males were returned to their original cages. Mated females were housed individually during gestation and lactation in solid floor polypropylene cages with stainless steel mesh lids and softwood flakes.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Pelleted diet (Rodent 2018C Teklad Global Certified Diet, Harlan Laboratories U.K Ltd., Oxon, UK.), free access to food
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water, free access to water
- Acclimation period: 8 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19 to 25 °C
- Humidity (%): 30 to 70% with deviations from the target range up to 85.36%
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Details on route of administration:

The test item and control substance (Arachis oil BP) were administered daily by gavage using a stainless steel cannula attached to a disposable plastic syringe.

Vehicle:

arachis oil

Details on oral exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
The test item was prepared at the appropriate concentrations as a suspension in Arachis oil BP. Due to the complex nature of the test item and its limited solubility in organic and aqueous media, a substance specific quantitative method of analysis could not be developed and no stability determined. The test item was formulated within two hours of it being applied to the test system; it is assumed that the formulation was stable for this duration. The concentration of test item in the formulations was determined using a gravimetric technique. Formulations were prepared daily.

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Arachis oil BP was used because the test item did not dissolve/suspend in distilled water.
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 25, 75 and 250 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 4 mL/kg treatment volume. The volume of test and control item administered to each animal was based on the most recent scheduled body weight and was adjusted at weekly intervals.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Remarks:

Samples of the test item formulation were analyzed gravimetrically for the concentration of the test item.

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Due to the complex nature of the test item and its limited solubility in organic and aqueous media, a substance specific quantitative method of analysis could not be developed. The concentration of test item in the formulations was determined using a gravimetric technique. Therefore formulations were prepared daily.

Samples of the test item formulation were taken and analyzed for concentration of SrTreat. The results indicate the accurate use of the test item and Arachis Oil BP as vehicle during the study, and that the prepared formulations were within acceptable ranges for the purpose of this study. The formulations were found to be homogeneously prepared. The analytical procedure had acceptable recoveries of test item in the vehicle. The method of analysis was validated and proven to be suitable for use.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The test item was administered by gavage to groups of rats for up to eight weeks (including a two week pre-pairing phase, pairing, gestation and early lactation for females).

Frequency of treatment:

The test item was administered daily.

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

m/f

Dose / conc.:

100 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

m/f

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

m/f

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Remarks:

m/f

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Control group (vehicle alone): 12 males, 12 females
Dose level 100 mg/kg bw/day: 12 males, 12 females
Dose level 300 mg/kg bw/day: 12 males, 12 females
Dose level 1000 mg/kg bw/day: 12 males, 12 females
For further details, see Table 1 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: The dose levels were chosen based on the results of previous toxicity work (SrTreat fourteen day repeated dose oral (gavage) range-finding toxicity study in the rat, see Attached background material).

In the range-finding toxicity study, the test item was administered by gavage to three groups, each of three male and three female Wistar Han™:RccHan™:WIST strain rats, for fourteen consecutive days, at dose levels of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day. A control group of three males and three females was dosed with vehicle alone (Arachis oil BP). Clinical signs, body weight change, dietary intake and water consumption were monitored during the study. All animals were subjected to gross necropsy examination.

Results:
Mortality -There were no unscheduled deaths on the study.
Clinical Observations - There were no clinical signs apparent during the study.
Body Weight- There was no adverse effects on body weight development for either sex at 1000, 500 or 250 mg/kg bw/day.
Food Consumption - There was no obvious effect on food consumption or food conversion efficiency for either sex at 1000, 500 or 250 mg/kg bw/day.
Water Consumption - There was no consistent effect on water consumption for either sex at 1000, 500 or 250 mg/kg bw/day.
Necropsy - There were no macroscopic abnormalities were detected.

The oral administration of the test item to rats by gavage, at dose levels of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day was well tolerated. Based on the results from this study a dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw/day was considered to be suitable as a high dose level for the OECD 422 study together with 100 and 300 mg/kg bw/day as the low and intermediate dose levels, respectively.

- Rationale for animal assignment: The animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups using a stratified body weight randomization procedure and the group mean body weights were then determined to ensure similarity between the treatment groups. Animals were paired on a 1 male: 1 female basis within each dose group.

- Section schedule rationale (if not random): The tissues from five selected control and 1000 mg/kg bw/day dose group animals, any animals dying during the study, and any animals which failed to mate or did not achieve a pregnancy were prepared as paraffin blocks, sectioned and stained for subsequent microscopic examination. Adult males were killed on Day 43 or Day 44. Adult females were killed on Day 5 post partum. Any females which failed to achieve pregnancy or produce a litter were killed on or after Day 25 post coitum.

Positive control:

No positive control

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Daily clinical observations. All animals were examined for overt signs of toxicity, ill-health and behavioral change immediately before dosing, soon after dosing, and one hour after dosing during the working week, at weekends and public holidays (except for females during parturition where applicable).

During the lactation phase, daily clinical observations were performed on all surviving offspring. Pregnant females were allowed to give birth and maintain their offspring until Day 5 post partum. Clinical signs were also recorded during this period.

On Day 43, the one hour post dose clinical observations were not performed for female 37 in error. Female 37 immediately before and after dosing on Day 43 and Day 44 did not show any clinical signs of toxicity, therefore, the omitted observations were considered not to affect the purpose or integrity of the study.

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Individual body weights were recorded on Day 1 (prior to dosing) and then weekly for males until termination and weekly for females until pairing. During pairing phase females were weighed daily until mating was confirmed. Body weights were then recorded for females on Days 0, 7, 14 and 20 post coitum, and on Days 1 and 4 post partum. Body weights were also recorded at terminal kill.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- During the pre-pairing period, weekly food consumption was recorded for each cage of adults. This was continued for males after the mating phase. For females showing evidence of mating, food consumption was recorded for the periods covering post coitum Days 0-7, 7-14 and 14-20. For females with live litters, food consumption was recorded on Days 1 and 4 post partum.

FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Food efficiency (the ratio of body weight change/dietary intake) was calculated retrospectively for males throughout the study period (with the exception of the mating phase) and for females during the pre-pairing phase. Due to offspring growth and milk production, food efficiency could not be accurately calculated during gestation and lactation.

WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Water intake was observed daily by visual inspection of water bottles for any overt changes.

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Hematological investigations were performed on five males and five females selected from each test and control group prior to termination (Day 42 for males and Day 4 post partum for females).
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data
- Animals fasted: No
- How many animals: 10
- Parameters examined: Hemoglobin (Hb), Erythrocyte count (RBC), Hematocrit (Hct), Erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)), Total leukocyte count (WBC), Differential leukocyte count (neutrophils (Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), monocytes (Mono), eosinophils (Eos), basophils (Bas)), Platelet count (PLT), Reticulocyte count (Retic) (Methylene blue stained slides were prepared but reticulocytes were not assessed). Prothrombin time (CT) was assessed by ‘Innovin’ and Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was assessed by ‘Actin FS’.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood chemical investigations were performed on five males and five females selected from each test and control group prior to termination (Day 42 for males and Day 4 post partum for females).
- Animals fasted: No
- How many animals: 10
- Parameters examined: Urea, Calcium (Ca++), Glucose, Inorganic phosphorus (P), Total protein (Tot.Prot.), Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), Albumin, Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio (by calculation), Alkaline phosphatase (AP), Sodium (Na+), Creatinine (Creat), Potassium (K+), Total cholesterol (Chol), Chloride (Cl-), Total bilirubin (Bili), Bile acids

URINALYSIS: No

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Prior to the start of treatment and at weekly intervals thereafter, all animals were observed for signs of functional/behavioral toxicity. Functional performance tests were also performed on five selected males (during Week 6,on completion of the pairing phase) and females (at Day 4 post partum) from each dose level, prior to termination, together with an assessment of sensory reactivity to various stimuli.
- Battery of functions tested: Forelimb/Hindlimb grip strength, motor activity and sensory reactivity to auditory, visual and
proprioceptive stimuli (Grasp response, Touch escape, Vocalization, Pupil reflex, Toe pinch, Blink reflex, Tail pinch, Startle reflex, Finger approach)

-Behavioral Assessments (Parameters observed: Gait, Hyper/Hypothermia, Tremors, Skin color, Twitches, Respiration, Convulsions , Palpebral closure, Bizarre/Abnormal/Stereotypic behavior, Urination, Salivation , Defecation, Pilo-erection, Transfer arousal, Exophthalmia, Tail elevation, Lachrymation)

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
All adult animals and offspring, including those dying during the study, were subjected to a full external and internal examination, and any macroscopic abnormalities were recorded.

The following organs were dissected free from fat and weighed before fixation from five selected males and five selected females from each dose group: Adrenals, Prostate, Brain, Seminal vesicles, Epididymides, Spleen, Heart, Testes, Kidneys, Thymus, Liver, Thyroid (weighed post-fixation with Parathyroid), Ovaries, Uterus (weighed with Cervix), Pituitary (post fixation)

The following tissues were weighed from all remaining animals: Prostate, Seminal vesicles, Epididymides, Testes, Ovaries, Uterus (weighed with Cervix), Pituitary (post fixation)

On the day of necropsy, necropsy details for Male 11 from the Control dose group and Female 42 from the 100 mg/kg bw/day dose group were not recorded on the data capture system, in error. The required organ weights for both animals were recorded. As there were sufficient data available for adequate interpretation of results, this deviation from the Study Plan was considered not to have affected the scientific integrity of the study or the
results obtained.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Samples of the following tissues were removed from five selected males and five selected females from each dose group:
Adrenals, Muscle (skeletal), Aorta (thoracic), Ovaries, Bone & bone marrow (femur including stifle joint), Pancreas, Bone & bone marrow (sternum), Pituitary, Brain (including cerebrum, cerebellum and pons), Prostate, Caecum, Rectum, Coagulating gland, Salivary glands (submaxillary), Colon, Sciatic nerve, Duodenum, Seminal vesicles, Epididymides, Skin, Esophagus, Spinal cord (cervical, mid-thoracic and lumbar), Eyes, Gross lesions, Spleen, Heart, Stomach, Ileum (including peyer’s patches), Thyroid/parathyroid, Jejunum, Trachea, Kidneys, Testes, Liver, Thymus, Lungs (with bronchi), Urinary bladder, Lymph nodes (mandibular and mesenteric), Uterus/Cervix, Mammary gland, Vagina.

The tissues from five selected control and 1000 mg/kg bw/day dose group animals, any animals dying during the study, and any animals which failed to mate or did not achieve a pregnancy were prepared as paraffin blocks, sectioned and stained for subsequent microscopic examination.

Samples of the following tissues were preserved from all remaining animals: Ovaries, Pituitary, Prostate, Coagulating gland, Seminal vesicles, Epididymides, Gross lesions, Testes, Uterus/Cervix, Mammary gland, Vagina

Of these tissues from the remaining control and 1000 mg/kg bw/day animals and animals which did not achieve a pregnancy were also processed.

In addition, sections of testes from all control and 1000 mg/kg bw/day males were also stained and examined. Detailed qualitative examination of the testes was undertaken.

The following tissues were not processed due to technician error at necropsy and/or at post fix: The lungs with bronchi from animal numbers 32, 41, 56, 58, 72, 82 and 91 as gross lesions, and the colon (animal 1), vagina (animal 89) and pituitary (animal 91). The additional missing tissues recorded in the histopathology examination data can be due to the actual processing and trimming of the tissues. While it is accepted that this deviation was less than ideal, overall it is considered that this deviation had no adverse impact on the scientific purpose of the study as the remaining
examined tissues showed no treatment related findings.

Other examinations:

Reproductive performance, offspring viability, clinical signs of offspring, offspring body weight and gross pathology of offspring were also examined to determine toxicity to reproduction and development: reported in Endpoint study record 7.8.1 Toxicity to reproduction.001 (see field "Cross-reference").

Statistics:

Where considered appropriate, quantitative data was subjected to statistical analysis to detect the significance of intergroup differences from control; statistical significance was achieved at a level of p<0.05. Statistical analysis was performed on the following parameters:

Grip Strength, Motor Activity, Body Weight, Body Weight Change, Food Consumption during gestation and lactation, Pre-Coital Interval, Gestation Length, Litter Size, Litter Weight, Sex Ratio, Corpora Lutea, Implantation Sites, Implantation Losses, Viability Indices, Offspring Body Weight, Offspring Body Weight Change, Offspring Surface Righting, Hematology, Blood Chemistry, Absolute Organ Weights, Body Weight-Relative Organ Weights.

Data were analyzed using the decision tree from the ProvantisTM Tables and Statistics Module. Data not analyzed by the Provantis data capture system were assessed separately using the R Environment for Statistical Computing. For a more detailed description of the statistical analysis performed, see the field "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables".

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no clinical signs of toxicity related to the test item. One 1000 mg/kg bw/day male showed signs of increased salivation on Day 1 and one 300 mg/kg bw/day female showed signs of generalised fur loss on Days 35 to 42. These observations were considered to be of no toxicological importance.

For results in tabular form, see Table 2 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence):

There were no unscheduled deaths on study (see Table 2 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables').

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no adverse effects detected at 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day for males throughout the study and for females during pre-mating, gestation or lactation phase. At 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day actual body weight values for females on Day 1 of lactation were slightly higher than controls achieving statistical significance for the later. This was considered to be due to the slightly lower litter size for these females and as the actual body weight was higher than controls it was deemed not to be an adverse effect.

For results in tabular form, see Tables 3 and 4 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Not a feeding study. However, there were no effects detected in food consumption for animals of either sex treated with 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day when compared with controls.

Food efficiency:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no effects detected in food efficiencies for animals of either sex treated with 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day when compared with controls.

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Not a drinking water study. However, visual inspection of water residues did not indicate any effect of treatment on water intake throughout the study.

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no treatment-related effects detected in the hematological parameters measured (see Table 5 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables').

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No toxicologically significant changes were detected in blood chemical parameters. Treated males from all dose groups showed statistically significant reductions in inorganic phosphorus and a statistically significant increase in chloride concentrations. All affected parameters showed no dose relationship and all individual values were within the background control ranges. As ther were no histopathology findings these observations were considered to be of no toxicological significance.

Males and females treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day showed statistically significant increases in glucose levels with these females also showing a statistically significant reduction in Albumin/Globulin ratio. At 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day, females also showed a statistically significant reduction in bilirubin, but without any dose relationship. All individual values were within background control ranges and in the absence of histopathology correlates these findings were deemed to be of no toxicological significance.

For results in tabular form, see Table 6 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related effects were detected in behavioral assessments. One female treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day showed signs of hunched posture and pilo erection on Day 4 post partum. This was considered incidental and of no toxicological importance.

There were no treatment-related changes in sensory reactivity.

There were no treatment-related changes in the functional performance. Males treated with 1000 mg/kg bw/day showed a statistically significant reduction in the hind limb grip strength during test 1 and an increase in grip strength during hind limb test 3. Due to the lack of any consistency, these findings were considered to be incidental. Females treated with 1000 or 300 mg/kg bw/day showed a statistically significant reductions during the hind limb strength test 3. These females showed comparable values to control during the preceding two grip strength tests and in the absence of any signs of neurotoxicity, this finding was deemed likely to be incidental.

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No treatment-related changes were evident in the organ weights measured. Females from all treatment groups showed a statistically significant increase in pituitary weights in both absolute and relative to terminal body weight when comparerd with controls. There was no dose relationship present and no histopathological correlation, therefore this was considered to be unrelated to treatment with the test item.

For results in tabular form, see Table 7 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no treatment-related findings detected at necropsy. Reddened lungs were observed in some animals of either sex treated with the test item. There was, however, no dose-dependence and although some of these were not histopathologically processed and examined, there were no treatment related histopathological observations on the tissues examined. Additionally such observations are common in this type of study and this finding was considered unrelated to treatment with the test item. For offspring, there were no macroscopic abnormalities detected at terminal kill.

For results in tabular form, see Table 8 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.

Neuropathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Histopathological findings, including examination of the brain (incl. cerebrum, cerebellum and pons): no findings were noted which could be related to treatment with the test item (see attached Illustration in section "Overall remarks, attachments").

Organ weight findings, including the brains: there were no treatment-related effects in the organ weights measured (see Table 7 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables').

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No findings were noted which could be related to treatment with the test item (see attached Illustration in section "Overall remarks, attachments"). Findings observed were considered to be within the normal range of background findings that are seen in untreated animals of this age and strain.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

See field "Cross-reference": results on reproductive performance, offspring viability, clinical signs of offspring, offspring body weight and gross pathology of offspring reported in endpoint study record 7.8.1 Toxicity to reproduction.001. No adverse effects observed.

Details on results:

No treatment related adverse effects observed.

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: NOEL = highest dose tested. No treatment related adverse effects observed.

Critical effects observed:

no

Table 1. Allocation of animals to treatment groups

Treatment Group	Dose Level	Treatment Volume	Concentration	Animal Numbers
	(mg/kg bw/day)	(mL/kg)	(mg/mL)	Male	Female
Control	0	4	0	12 (1-12)	12 (13-24)
Low	100	4	25	12 (25-36)	12 (37-48)
Intermediate	300	4	75	12 (49-60)	12 (61-72)
High	1000	4	250	12 (73-84)	12 (85-96)

The numbers in parentheses ( ) show the individual animal numbers allocated to each treatment

group.

Table 2. Summary Incidence of Daily Clinical Observations

		Day Numbers Relative to Start Date
		Group 1		Group 2		Group 3		Group 4
		0(Control)		100 mg/kg bw/day		300 mg/kg bw/day		1000 mg/kg bw/day
Sex: Male
Scheduled kill
	Number of Animals	12		12		12		12
	Days from - to	43	44	43	44	43	44	43	44
Increased salivation
	Number of Animals	.		.		.		1
	Days from - to	.		.		.		1	1
Sex: Female
Littering
	Number of Animals	.		1		.		1
	Days from - to	.		41	41	.		41	41
Not Observed Due to Littering
	Number of Animals	.		1		.		1
	Days from - to	.		41	41	.		41	41
Scheduled kill
	Number of Animals	12		12		12		12
	Days from - to	42	46	42	55	42	46	42	46
Generalised fur loss
	Number of Animals	.		.		1		.
	Days from - to	.		.		35	42	.

. No data available

Table 3. Group Mean Body Weight Values

		Body Weights (g)
		Day Numbers Relative to Start Date
Group (Sex)		1	8	15	22	29	36	43
1(M)	Mean	309.9	322.5	342.7	351.1	367.8	381.4	392.0
	S.D.	6.9	9.9	14.4	14.5	15.4	19.5	20.9
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
2(M)	Mean	309.2	322.4	340.8	350.8	366.0	382.4	391.0
	S.D.	7.0	7.8	9.6	15.1	17.2	19.8	19.8
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
3(M)	Mean	309.7	324.5	343.5	354.1	374.0	391.2	398.9
	S.D.	12.6	17.4	19.6	21.1	22.0	22.7	23.0
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
4(M)	Mean	310.8	324.3	343.9	355.3	372.8	389.5	397.2
	S.D.	10.6	13.0	15.8	18.5	21.5	21.0	20.8
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
1(F)	Mean	188.6	196.0	206.3
	S.D.	5.9	7.4	6.5
	N	12	12	12
2(F)	Mean	188.1	194.7	206.2
	S.D.	7.3	9.7	7.8
	N	12	12	12
3(F)	Mean	188.7	196.8	206.1
	S.D.	4.7	7.6	8.8
	N	12	12	12
4(F)	Mean	190.7	200.6	211.6
	S.D.	7.7	9.1	10.5
	N	12	12	12
		Day Numbers
		Gestation					Lactation
		0	7	14	20		1	4
1(F)	Mean	207.0	230.7	260.2	319.2		229.7	243.8
	S.D.	7.2	9.4	11.8	21.9		9.5	12.3
	N	11	11	11	11		10	10
2(F)	Mean	210.9	234.4	260.8	320.1		234.7	250.9
	S.D.	16.4	17.2	18.9	26.1		17.8	18.9
	N	12	12	12	12		12	12
3(F)	Mean	206.7	233.8	262.5	318.8		242.7	248.4
	S.D.	5.8	7.8	10.7	18.6		15.3	14.8
	N	12	12	12	12		12	12
4(F)	Mean	212.9	239.6	265.8	325.5		247.2*	257.7
	S.D.	7.8	9.7	15.5	24.2		12.7	14.8
	N	11	11	11	11		11	11

Dose Levels:

Group 1: 0 (Control), Group 2: 100 mg/kg bw/day, Group 3: 300 mg/kg bw/day, Group 4: 1000 mg/kg bw/day

M Male

F Female

S.D. Standard deviation

N Number of animals/litters

* Significantly different from control group p<0.05

Table 4. Group Mean Body Weight Gains

Increase in Body Weight (g)
		Day Numbers Relative to Start Date
								Abs	%
								Gain	Gain
Group	From:	1	8	15	22	29	36	1	1
(Sex)	To:	8	15	22	29	36	43	43	43
1(M)	Mean	12.6	20.2	8.4	16.7	13.7	10.6	82.1	26.5
	S.D.	4.5	6.4	5.6	3.8	5.6	4.7	18.1	5.8
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
2(M)	Mean	13.3	18.4	10.0	15.2	16.4	8.6	81.8	26.5
	S.D.	3.6	6.8	9.9	4.3	5.4	3.5	17.3	5.6
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
3(M)	Mean	14.8	19.0	10.6	19.9	17.2	7.8	89.3	28.8
	S.D.	7.8	5.5	5.5	4.8	4.8	3.9	17.0	5.5
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
4(M)	Mean	13.4	19.7	11.3	17.5	16.8	7.7	86.3	27.8
	S.D.	8.8	4.7	5.9	4.9	3.5	4.3	15.9	4.9
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Group	From:	1	8					1	1
(Sex)	To:	8	15					15	15
1(F)	Mean	7.4	10.3					17.7	9.4
	S.D.	4.7	4.2					5.0	2.7
	N	12	12					12	12
2(F)	Mean	6.6	11.5					18.1	9.6
	S.D.	4.8	4.6					4.1	2.3
	N	12	12					12	12
3(F)	Mean	8.2	9.3					17.4	9.2
	S.D.	4.3	5.3					6.4	3.3
	N	12	12					12	12
4(F)	Mean	9.9	11.0					20.9	11.0
	S.D.	6.4	5.3					7.0	3.8
	N	12	12					12	12
		Increase in Body Weight (g)				Cumulative Body Weight Change (g)
		Days				Days
		Gestation			Lactation	Gestation
Group	From:	0	7	14	1	0	0
(sex)	To:	7	14	20	4	14	20
1(F)	Mean	23.7	29.5	59.0	14.1	53.2	112.2
	S.D.	5.8	6.6	14.1	8.4	10.0	21.8
	N	11	11	11	10	11	11
2(F)	Mean	23.5	26.4	59.3	16.3	49.9	109.2
	S.D.	5.0	5.3	9.7	9.4	9.6	17.6
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12
3(F)	Mean	27.1	28.8	56.3	5.8	55.8	112.1
	S.D.	3.3	6.3	13.3	8.0	7.2	16.4
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12
4(F)	Mean	26.7	26.2	59.6	10.5	52.9	112.5
	S.D.	5.6	8.2	14.8	9.1	12.4	20.6
	N	11	11	11	11	11	11

Dose Levels:

Group 1: 0 (Control), Group 2: 100 mg/kg bw/day, Group 3: 300 mg/kg bw/day, Group 4: 1000 mg/kg bw/day

M Male

F Female

S.D. Standard deviation

N Number of animals/litters

Table 5. Group Mean Hematological Values

Group (sex)		Hb	RBC	Hct	MCH	MCV	MCHC	WBC	Neut	Lymph	Mono	Eos	Bas	CT	PLT	APTT
		g/dl	10^12/l	%	pg	fl	g/dl	10^9/l	10^9/l	10^9/l	10^9/l	10^9/l	10^9/l	Seconds	10^9/l	Seconds
1(M)	Mean	16.90	9.064	47.94	18.64	52.90	35.28	7.18	1.060	6.066	0.000n	0.054	0.000n	9.14	742.4	14.76
	S.D.	0.63	0.339	1.33	0.65	1.19	1.02	1.82	0.287	1.608	0.000	0.078	0.000	0.19	158.5	0.93
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
2(M)	Mean	16.54	8.756	47.72	18.92	54.56	34.68	6.70	0.902	5.774	0.000n	0.026	0.000n	8.92	648.0	15.30
	S.D.	0.35	0.314	0.55	0.87	2.03	0.54	1.19	0.438	1.005	0.000	0.037	0.000	0.15	67.5	0.39
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
3(M)	Mean	16.48	8.614	47.04	19.18	54.64	35.08	6.58	1.142	5.408	0.000n	0.030	0.000n	8.84	625.4	14.84
	S.D.	0.47	0.188	0.83	0.73	1.44	0.81	1.08	0.542	1.296	0.000	0.041	0.000	0.17	51.8	1.75
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
4(M)	Mean	16.30	8.718	47.22	18.74	54.22	34.52	5.60	1.316	4.376	0.000n	0.024	0.000n	8.94	650.6	15.54
	S.D.	0.39	0.390	1.21	0.86	2.01	0.33	0.90	0.346	0.942	0.000	0.033	0.000	0.27	25.0	0.48
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
1(F)	Mean	13.14	6.862	38.64	19.16	56.30	34.04	6.48	2.508	3.974	0.000n	0.000n	0.000n	8.12	994.0	14.60
	S.D.	1.24	0.643	3.55	0.47	1.15	0.17	1.03	1.232	0.858	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.24	92.7	1.47
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
2(F)	Mean	13.48	6.952	39.98	19.42	57.56	33.74	6.12	2.232	3.888	0.000n	0.000n	0.000n	8.16	959.8	13.28
	S.D.	0.66	0.326	1.43	0.61	1.77	0.43	1.62	1.247	0.503	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.11	94.0	1.15
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
3(F)	Mean	13.40	7.214	40.02	18.62	55.50	33.52	5.58	1.844	3.736	0.000n	0.000n	0.000n	8.16	1059.2	13.30
	S.D.	0.50	0.409	1.70	0.61	1.08	0.63	1.23	0.845	1.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.27	83.1	1.52
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
4(F)	Mean	13.64	7.084	40.12	19.26	56.66	34.00	7.66	2.728	4.934	0.000n	0.000n	0.000n	8.14	876.0	13.44
	S.D.	0.61	0.419	2.13	0.53	0.99	0.42	1.79	1.546	0.578	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.21	246.4	1.47
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5

Dose Levels: Group 1 - 0 (Control), Group 2 - 100 mg/kg bw/day, Group 3 - 300 mg/kg bw/day, Group 4 - 1000 mg/kg bw/day

M Male

F Female

S.D. Standard deviation

N Number of animals/litters

n Data not appropriate for statistical analysis

Parameters measured on potassium EDTA - treated blood:

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Total erythrocyte count (RBC)

Hematocrit (Hct)

Erythrocyte indices - Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Total leukocyte count (WBC)

Differential leukocyte count - Neutrophils (Neut), Lymphocytes (Lymph), Monocytes (Mono), Eosinophils (Eos), Basophils (Bas) Platelet count (PLT)

Parameters measured on citrate-treated blood:

Prothrombin time (CT)

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Table 6. Group Mean Blood Chemical Values

Group (Sex)		Urea	Glucose	Tot. Prot.	Albumin	A/G	Na+	K+	Cl-	Ca++	P	ASAT	ALAT	AP	Creat	Chol	Bili	Bile Acid
		mg/dl	mg/dl	g/dl	g/dl	Ratio	mmol/l	mmol/l	mmol/l	mmol/l	mmol/l	IU/l	IU/l	IU/l	mg/dl	mg/dl	mg/dl	μmol/l
1(M)	Mean	47.0	157.0	7.642	3.96	1.076	146.6	4.346	100.2	2.788	2.62	73.2	57.8	158.4	0.686	106.8	0.186	8.78
	S.D.	2.4	7.7	0.388	0.11	0.087	1.7	0.309	0.8	0.093	0.15	15.8	8.8	17.6	0.074	13.3	0.075	3.92
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
2(M)	Mean	49.4	172.6	7.332	3.90	1.140	147.2	4.264	101.8*	2.838	2.12**	74.8	54.0	170.8	0.784	101.0	0.112	8.16
	S.D.	6.7	4.4	0.292	0.07	0.083	0.8	0.106	0.8	0.034	0.29	9.9	6.1	43.4	0.044	13.0	0.035	3.99
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
3(M)	Mean	52.2	162.8	7.208	3.90	1.178	147.0	4.632	102.2*	2.782	2.14**	84.0	56.4	166.2	0.836	98.8	0.154	8.12
	S.D.	12.3	28.6	0.366	0.12	0.130	1.7	0.685	1.6	0.034	0.21	22.1	5.2	31.5	0.245	16.2	0.091	5.93
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
4(M)	Mean	42.6	181.0*	7.228	3.88	1.160	148.0	4.188	102.0*	2.800	2.16**	98.6	55.6	169.6	0.730	96.0	0.124	6.66
	S.D.	3.9	18.5	0.283	0.11	0.065	2.8	0.338	1.0	0.031	0.27	25.0	6.7	16.3	0.056	8.0	0.028	2.47
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
1(F)	Mean	52.6	118.2	6.624	3.80	1.344	145.6	4.318	102.8	2.644	1.14	87.0	70.4	124.6	0.786	81.0	0.088	10.04
	S.D.	7.5	15.1	0.238	0.20	0.067	1.5	0.257	2.0	0.093	0.45	15.1	15.7	49.1	0.150	14.6	0.008	3.07
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
2(F)	Mean	60.0	132.6	6.670	3.84	1.352	146.4	4.674	103.6	2.714	1.08	82.8	74.4	91.4	0.868	82.4	0.088	26.42
	S.D.	13.0	20.5	0.305	0.17	0.039	1.5	0.732	1.5	0.181	0.37	11.8	17.5	8.3	0.148	6.7	0.019	14.78
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
3(F)	Mean	56.4	131.8	7.016	3.94	1.286	147.8	3.952	104.8	2.596	0.64	82.8	67.0	112.8	0.870	71.6	0.068*	7.38
	S.D.	5.1	9.5	0.247	0.11	0.074	1.5	0.118	0.8	0.106	0.15	12.0	15.0	20.2	0.082	12.8	0.008	3.60
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
4(F)	Mean	47.0	155.0**	6.656	3.68	1.258*	145.4	3.948	103.4	2.502	0.84	99.6	76.2	135.2	0.844	83.8	0.072*	10.94
	S.D.	9.2	23.1	0.418	0.22	0.026	1.1	0.343	0.5	0.115	0.26	18.3	13.8	75.3	0.056	12.8	0.004	9.67
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5

Dose Levels: Group 1 - 0 (Control), Group 2 - 100 mg/kg bw/day, Group 3 - 300 mg/kg bw/day, Group 4 - 1000 mg/kg bw/day

M Male

F Female

S.D. Standard deviation

N Number of animals/litters

n Data not appropriate for statistical analysis

* Significantly different from control group p<0.05

** Significantly different from control group p<0.01

Parameters measured on lithium heparin treated blood:

Urea

Calcium (Ca++)

Glucose

Inorganic phosphorus (P)

Total protein (Tot.Prot.)

Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT)

Albumin

Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)

Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio (by calculation)

Alkaline phosphatase (AP)

Sodium (Na+)

Creatinine (Creat)

Potassium (K+)

Total cholesterol (Chol)

Chloride (Cl-)

Total bilirubin (Bili)

Bile acids

Table 7. Group Mean Organ Weights with Corresponding Relative (% of Body Weight) Organ Weights

		MALES				FEMALES
		0	100	300	1000	0	100	300	1000
		Control	mg/kg bw/day			Control	mg/kg bw/day
Terminal Bodyweight	Mean (g)	392.9	392.2	399.2	398.3	248.6	254.8	251.3	261.7
	S.D.	20.7	20.6	22.5	22.6	14.1	19.9	15.8	15.0
	N	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Adrenals	Mean (g)	0.08528	0.08226	0.08246	0.08522	0.09580	0.09800	0.09698	0.10408
	S.D.	0.00190	0.01406	0.01055	0.00888	0.01520	0.01361	0.01103	0.01774
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	0.022	0.021	0.020	0.022	0.040	0.040	0.039	0.040
	S.D.	0.001	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.005	0.006	0.005	0.006
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Brain (Including Cerebrum, Cerebellum And Pons)	Mean (g)	1.88670	1.92172	1.93068	1.91456	1.72716	1.71518	1.73446	1.81950
	S.D.	0.03837	0.05397	0.06150	0.22249	0.08880	0.11007	0.05664	0.06049
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	0.476	0.487	0.479	0.482	0.722	0.705	0.705	0.708
	S.D.	0.024	0.018	0.024	0.053	0.041	0.026	0.009	0.048
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Epididymides	Mean (g)	1.75418	1.69644	1.81648	1.73282
	S.D.	0.27530	0.17860	0.21857	0.14971
	N	12	12	12	12
	Mean (%)	0.446	0.435	0.456	0.437
	S.D.	0.064	0.059	0.058	0.049
	N	12	12	12	12
Heart	Mean (g)	1.17996	1.10376	1.22666	1.25292	0.83040	0.91786	0.85436	0.88298
	S.D.	0.07471	0.14288	0.12751	0.13954	0.07639	0.07389	0.08927	0.13537
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	0.298	0.278	0.303	0.317	0.347	0.377	0.348	0.342
	S.D.	0.027	0.024	0.024	0.048	0.034	0.021	0.041	0.04
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Kidneys	Mean (g)	2.43284	2.25590	2.51100	2.41284	1.57000	1.46824	1.46996	1.69592
	S.D.	0.15977	0.19345	0.33264	0.10838	0.12636	0.16048	0.05858	0.08434
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	0.614	0.571	0.622	0.608	0.655	0.605	0.598	0.660
	S.D.	0.041	0.040	0.078	0.032	0.034	0.075	0.022	0.053
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Liver	Mean (g)	13.6384	13.1027	13.4021	13.6948	10.9844	11.0291	10.9512	11.9167
	S.D.	1.01250	1.79533	1.56517	1.53317	1.40468	0.98740	0.99183	0.69743
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	3.435	3.314	3.320	3.443	4.577	4.541	4.444	4.634
	S.D.	0.139	0.416	0.374	0.270	0.402	0.446	0.212	0.314
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Ovaries	Mean (g)					0.11540	0.11941	0.11821	0.11930
	S.D.					0.01275	0.01705	0.01858	0.01711
	N					10	12	12	11
	Mean (%)					0.047	0.047	0.047	0.045
	S.D.					0.004	0.008	0.006	0.005
	N					10	12	12	11
Pituitary	Mean (g)	0.01177	0.01264	0.01392	0.01300	0.01340	0.01565*	0.01560*	0.01531*
	S.D.	0.00211	0.00285	0.00390	0.00274	0.00194	0.00215	0.00236	0.00231
	N	12	12	11	12	10	12	11	10
	Mean (%)	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.003	0.005	0.006*	0.006*	0.006*
	S.D.	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
	N	12	12	11	12	10	12	11	10
Prostate	Mean (g)	0.70769	0.67011	0.75388	0.67923
	S.D.	0.14633	0.14353	0.22936	0.11531
	N	12	12	12	12
	Mean (%)	0.180	0.171	0.189	0.171
	S.D.	0.037	0.037	0.055	0.030
	N	12	12	12	12
Seminal Vesicles	Mean (g)	2.07506	1.97583	1.95986	2.00458
	S.D.	0.52402	0.27468	0.28542	0.47709
	N	12	12	12	12
	Mean (%)	0.528	0.506	0.491	0.503
	S.D.	0.129	0.083	0.069	0.110
	N	12	12	12	12
Spleen	Mean (g)	0.76272	0.68878	0.68720	0.87458	0.58394	0.66942	0.54512	0.63062
	S.D.	0.11332	0.10365	0.13722	0.12493	0.03934	0.10353	0.07306	0.09472
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	0.192	0.174	0.171	0.221	0.244	0.275	0.221	0.245
	S.D.	0.024	0.017	0.037	0.037	0.015	0.039	0.027	0.033
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Testes	Mean (g)	3.82673	3.86518	3.79398	3.79556
	S.D.	0.26592	0.29204	0.22589	0.23812
	N	12	12	12	12
	Mean (%)	0.975	0.988	0.951	0.954
	S.D.	0.067	0.083	0.035	0.061
	N	12	12	12	12
Thymus	Mean (g)	0.38442	0.40064	0.41422	0.43558	0.22768	0.23756	0.20504	0.22760
	S.D.	0.08239	0.06301	0.03961	0.07949	0.02056	0.04589	0.01541	0.03992
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	0.097	0.102	0.103	0.109	0.095	0.098	0.084	0.088
	S.D.	0.023	0.021	0.013	0.018	0.007	0.022	0.009	0.015
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Thyroid/Parathyroid	Mean (g)	0.02164	0.02434	0.02448	0.02166	0.02440	0.01808	0.01884	0.02270
	S.D.	0.00730	0.00359	0.00421	0.00277	0.00335	0.00323	0.00324	0.00771
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Mean (%)	0.005	0.006	0.006	0.005	0.010	0.007	0.008	0.009
	S.D.	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.003
	N	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5
Uterus & Cervix	Mean (g)					0.73185	0.72131	0.69785	0.70894
	S.D.					0.12800	0.19822	0.13247	0.10660
	N					10	12	12	11
	Mean (%)					0.296	0.282	0.278	0.272
	S.D.					0.049	0.070	0.054	0.050
	N					10	12	12	11

S.D. Standard deviation

N Number of animals/litters

* Significantly different from control group p<0.05

Table 8. Summary Incidence of Necropsy Findings

		MALES
Removal Reason: SCHEDULED KILL		0	100	300	1000
		(Control)	mg/kg bw/day
	Number of Animals Examined:	12	12	12	12
	Group:	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Lungs (With Bronchi);
Submitted		(11#)	(12)	(12)	(12)
No Visible Lesions		11	10	9	10
Discolouration		0	0	0	1
Discolouration; red		0	2	3	1
		FEMALES
Removal Reason: SCHEDULED KILL		0	100	300	1000
		(Control)	mg/kg bw/day
	Number of Animals Examined:	12	12	12	12
	Group:	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Lungs (With Bronchi);
Submitted		(12)	(11#)	(12)	(12)
No Visible Lesions		12	9	9	9
Discolouration; red		0	2	3	3
Uterus & Cervix;
Submitted		(12)	(11#)	(12)	(12)
No Visible Lesions		12	10	12	11
Enlarged		0	0	0	1
Fluid Filled		0	0	0	1
Damaged On Removal		0	1	0	0

# = One animal not submitted in error

Conclusions:

The oral administration of the test item to rats by gavage, at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, was tolerated well. The ‘No Observed Effect Level’ (NOEL) for systemic toxicity was therefore considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

As there were no treatment-related adverse effects observed in the study and the test item was tolerated well, according to the CLP Regulation the substance does not need to be classified with regards to systemic toxicity, as Specific Target Organ Toxicant. The oral route was selected as the most appropriate route of exposure, based on the physical properties of the test item. The results of the study are believed to be of value in predicting the likely toxicity of the test item to man.

Executive summary:

The study was designed to investigate the systemic toxicity and potential adverse effects of the test item on reproduction and is designed to be compatible with the requirements of the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals No. 422 “Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/ Developmental Toxicity Screening Test” and with Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 of 30 May 2008.

The test item was administered by gavage to three groups, each of twelve male and twelve female Wistar Han™:RccHan™:WIST strain rats, for up to eight weeks (including a two week pre-pairing phase, pairing, gestation and early lactation for females), at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day. A control group of twelve males and twelve females was dosed with vehicle alone (Arachis oil BP).

Clinical signs, behavioral assessments, body weight change and food and water consumption were monitored during the study. Extensive functional observations were performed on five selected males from each dose group after the completion of the pairing phase, and for five selected parental females from each dose group on Day 4 post partum. Hematology and blood chemistry were evaluated prior to termination on five selected males and females from each dose group.

Adult males were terminated on Day 43 or Day 44 followed by the termination of all females and offspring on Day 5 post partum. Any female which did not produce a pregnancy was terminated on or after Day 25 post coitum. All animals were subjected to a gross necropsy examination and histopathological evaluation of selected tissues was performed.

Adult Responses

Mortality - There were no unscheduled deaths on study.

Clinical Observations - There were no clinical signs of toxicity related to the test item.

Behavioral Assessment - There were no treatment-related effects in the behavioral parameters measured.

Functional Performance Tests - There were no treatment-related changes in the functional performance.

Sensory Reactivity Assessments - There were no treatment-related changes in sensory reactivity.

Body Weight - There was no adverse effect on body weight development for animals of either sex treated with 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Food Consumption - There were no effects detected in food consumption for animals of either sex treated with 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day when compared with controls.

Water Consumption - Visual inspection of water residues did not indicate any effect of treatment on water intake throughout the study.

Laboratory Investigations

Hematology - There were no treatment-related changes in the hematological parameters measured.

Blood Chemistry - No toxicologically significant changes were detected in blood chemical parameters measured.

Pathology

Necropsy -There were no treatment-related macroscopic abnormalities detected.

Organ Weights -There were no treatment-related effects in the organ weights measured.

Histopathology -No findings were noted which could be related to treatment with the test item. Findings observed were considered to be within the normal range of background alterations that are seen in untreated animals of this age and strain.

The oral administration of the test item to rats by gavage, at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, was tolerated well. The ‘No Observed Effect Level’ (NOEL) for systemic toxicity was therefore considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day. The substance is not classified for systemic toxicity according to the CLP Regulation, as no adverse effects were observed.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

The study is a GLP compliant and was performed by following the recommended method (OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No 422 “Combined
Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/ Developmental Toxicity Screening Test” (1996)). The study was also designed to be compatible with Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 of 30 May 2008. Deviations from the study plan are not considered to have affected the scientific purpose or integrity of the study or the results obtained. The study has a Klimisch score of 1.

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation

Data waiving:

exposure considerations

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Justification for type of information:

JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, the most appropriate route of administration, having regard to the likely route of human exposure, should be selected for the short-term repeated dose toxicity study (required in section 8.6.1). Testing by inhalation route was not deemed appropriate, as the calculated vapour pressure of the substance is very low (less than 1.2 x 10^-9 Pa), and the particle size of the substance is so large that it excludes any likely exposure through inhalation. This route of exposure is therefore not relevant for the substance. Instead, the study is performed for the oral route and documented in the IUCLID endpoint 7.5.1.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation

Data waiving:

exposure considerations

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Justification for type of information:

JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, the most appropriate route of administration, having regard to the likely route of human exposure, should be selected for the short-term repeated dose toxicity study (required in section 8.6.1). Testing by inhalation route was not deemed appropriate, as the calculated vapour pressure of the substance is very low (less than 1.2 x 10^-9 Pa), and the particle size of the substance is so large that it excludes any likely exposure through inhalation. This route of exposure is therefore not relevant for the substance. Instead, the study is performed for the oral route and documented in the IUCLID endpoint 7.5.1.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Data waiving:

exposure considerations

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Justification for type of information:

JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, the most appropriate route of administration should be selected for the short-term repeated dose toxicity study (required in section 8.6.1). In the acute dermal toxicity studies for the substance there were only very slight erythema and very slight edema in one animal, and no other signs of dermal irritation or of systemic toxicity. No severe adverse effects were observed. The substance is not classified as acutely toxic via the skin. The results from the skin sensitisation, corrosion and irritation studies were negative.

The molecular mass of the substance (> 800 g/mol) does not promote skin penetration, and besides a basic pH of 11 – 11.2 in aqueous solution, there are no other relevant physico-chemical properties that would suggest potential for a significant rate of absorption through the skin. The substance is very stable, inorganic and insoluble. The dermal route of exposure is therefore not deemed most appropriate for the substance. Instead, the study is performed for the oral route and documented in the IUCLID endpoint 7.5.1.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Data waiving:

exposure considerations

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Justification for type of information:

JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VIII, the most appropriate route of administration should be selected for the short-term repeated dose toxicity study (required in section 8.6.1). In the acute dermal toxicity studies for the substance there were only very slight erythema and very slight edema in one animal, and no other signs of dermal irritation or of systemic toxicity. No severe adverse effects were observed. The substance is not classified as acutely toxic via the skin. The results from the skin sensitisation, corrosion and irritation studies were negative.

The molecular mass of the substance (> 800 g/mol) does not promote skin penetration, and besides a basic pH of 11 – 11.2 in aqueous solution, there are no other relevant physico-chemical properties that would suggest potential for a significant rate of absorption through the skin. The substance is very stable, inorganic and insoluble. The dermal route of exposure is therefore not deemed most appropriate for the substance. Instead, the study is performed for the oral route and documented in the IUCLID endpoint 7.5.1.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Mode of Action Analysis / Human Relevance Framework

There were no treatment-related adverse effects observed in the study. The test item was tolerated well. The substance is not classified with regards to systemic toxicity according to the CLP Regulation. The oral route is considered to be the most appropriate route of exposure, based on the physical properties of the test item. The results of the study are relevant and believed to be of value in predicting the likely toxicity of the test item to man. The results are therefore relevant for the risk assessment, as well.

Additional information

The oral administration of the test item to rats by gavage, at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, was tolerated well. The ‘No Observed Effect Level’ (NOEL) for systemic toxicity was therefore considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

As there were no treatment-related adverse effects observed in the study and the test item was tolerated well, according to the CLP Regulation the substance does not need to be classified with regards to systemic toxicity, as Specific Target Organ Toxicant. The oral route was selected as the most appropriate route of exposure, based on the physical properties of the test item, and the results of the study are believed to be of value in predicting the likely toxicity of the test item to man, and therefore relevant for the risk assessment.

In favour of the oral exposure route, the dermal and inhalation routes of exposure were not tested. Deviations from the study plan are not considered to have affected the scientific purpose or integrity of the study or the results obtained. There are no data gaps in repeated dose toxicity.

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity via oral route - systemic effects endpoint:
Only one study available.

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity inhalation - systemic and local effects endpoint:
Other justification: The inhalation route of exposure is not the most appropriate route of administration for the test item, having regard to the likely route of human exposure, as the calculated vapour pressure of the substance is very low (less than 1.2 x 10^-9 Pa), and the particle size of the substance is so large that it excludes any likely exposure through inhalation. Therefore the test for studying repeated dose toxicity through inhalation was not performed.

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity dermal - systemic and local effects endpoint:
Other justification: The dermal route of exposure is not the most appropriate route of administration for the test item, having regard to the likely route of human exposure. In the acute dermal toxicity studies for the substance there were only very slight erythema and very slight edema in one animal, and no other signs of dermal irritation or of systemic toxicity. The substance is not classified as acutely toxic via the skin. Results of the skin corrosion, irritation and sensitisation studies are negative. The molecular mass of the substance (> 800 g/mol) does not promote skin penetration, and besides a basic pH of 11 – 11.2, there are no other relevant physico-chemical properties that would suggest potential for a significant rate of absorption through the skin. The substance is very stable, inorganic and insoluble. Therefore the test for studying repeated dose toxicity through dermal exposure was not performed.

Justification for classification or non-classification

As there were no treatment-related adverse effects observed in the study and the test item was tolerated well, according to the CLP Regulation the substance does not need to be classified with regards to systemic toxicity, as Specific Target Organ Toxicant.