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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 206-017-1 | CAS number: 288-13-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.024 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1.85 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL of 1.5 mg/kg was the concentration where no significant adverse effects were seen in a 4-week drinking water study.
Modification of starting point for oral rat to human inhalation: 0.5
Modification of starting point for rat respiratory volume (Allometric scaling); Value: 0.38 m3/kg bw (rat 8-hour respiratory volume); Remark: A modification of starting point for rat respiratory volume was applied per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Modification of starting point for differences in respiratory volumes;Value: 0.67 (6.7 m3/10 m3); Remark: A modification was applied to account for the increased respiratory volumes in active workers as compared to individuals at rest per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Modification of starting point for differences in experimental/human exposure conditions: 1.4
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.007 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2.1 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL of 1.5 mg/kg was the concentration where no significant adverse effects were seen in a subchronic oral toxicity study. A modification of starting point of 1.4 for differences between experimental and human exposure conditions was applied per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
In a GLP drinking water study according to OECD Guideline 407, groups of male and female Wistar rats received 20, 100 or 600 ppm of the test substance for 4 weeks, followed by a recovery period of 2 weeks. The 20, 100 and 600 ppm values correspond to 1.5, 7.3 and 38.9 mg/kg bw in males and 1.9, 9.2 and 84.0 mg/kg bw in females, respectively. In high dose treatment, following effects were observed: impairment of the food and water consumption and of the food efficiency; reduced body weight, mild anaemia, leucocytosis, slight impairment of hepatocellular and renal function, increased synthesis rate of serum proteins and cholesterol, substance-related changes in thyroid and spleen. In the mid dose, slight impairment of water consumption in males, increases in total protein, albumin, globulins and cholesterol in the males, increases in platelets and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the females, decreases in haemoglobin and triglycerides in the females and increased extramedullary haematopoiesis in the spleen of male and female rats were observed. In the low dose, no substance related effects were observed. In the recovery period, the effects were not fully reversible in animals of the high dose treatment. Therefore, the NOAEL is identified as 20 ppm corresponding to 1.5 mg/ kg bw in males and 1.9 mg/kg in females.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.089 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 13.33 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL of 1.5 mg/kg was the concentration where no significant adverse effects were seen in a 4-week drinking water study.
Modification of starting point for oral rat to human inhalation: 0.5
Modification of starting point for rat respiratory volume (Allometric scaling); Value: 0.05625m3/kg bw (rat 1-hour respiratory volume); Remark: A modification of starting point for rat respiratory volume was applied per REACH guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.003 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL of 1.5 mg/kg was the concentration where no significant adverse effects were seen in a subchronic oral toxicity study. No further modifications for starting point were applied.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.003 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL of 1.5 mg/kg was the concentration where no significant adverse effects were seen in a subchronic oral toxicity study. No further modifications for starting point were applied.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- This is a default assessment factor for workers per REACH Guidance R.8.4.3.1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
In a GLP drinking water study according to OECD Guideline 407, groups of male and female Wistar rats received 20, 100 or 600 ppm of the test substance for 4 weeks, followed by a recovery period of 2 weeks. The 20, 100 and 600 ppm values correspond to 1.5, 7.3 and 38.9 mg/kg bw in males and 1.9, 9.2 and 84.0 mg/kg bw in females, respectively. In high dose treatment, following effects were observed: impairment of the food and water consumption and of the food efficiency; reduced body weight, mild anaemia, leucocytosis, slight impairment of hepatocellular and renal function, increased synthesis rate of serum proteins and cholesterol, substance-related changes in thyroid and spleen. In the mid dose, slight impairment of water consumption in males, increases in total protein, albumin, globulins and cholesterol in the males, increases in platelets and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the females, decreases in haemoglobin and triglycerides in the females and increased extramedullary haematopoiesis in the spleen of male and female rats were observed. In the low dose, no substance related effects were observed. In the recovery period, the effects were not fully reversible in animals of the high dose treatment. Therefore, the NOAEL is identified as 20 ppm corresponding to 1.5 mg/ kg bw in males and 1.9 mg/kg in females.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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