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EC number: 309-892-9 | CAS number: 101356-96-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Hazard for predators
Additional information
Conclusion on classification
The standard approach for classifying poorly soluble metals is to use the data generated from T/D tests, and compare this with relevant acute or chronic Ecotoxicity Reference Values (ERV) for the soluble metal compounds (Guidance on the application of the CLP criteria, ECHA, 2017).
The T/D tests for strontium apatite, copper doped have revealed that both copper and strontium are released from the UVCB in test medium at pH 6 to a larger degree than at pH 8, therefore the results at pH 6 are taken into consideration for classification purposes as a worst-case scenario.
According to the guidance on CLP criteria (ECHA, 2017) the acute and chronic hazard should be assessed for a metal compound if the respective acute or chronic ERV value for the metal ion of concern is ≤1 mg/L. A metal should be classified for acute aquatic hazard if the dissolved metal ion concentration after a period of 7 days at a loading rate of 1 mg/L exceeds the acute ERV. Where the chronic ERV for the metal ions of concern is ≤ 1 mg/L, the 28-day results from the T/D test should be used to aid classification.
For strontium, the lowest acute toxicity value is an unbounded 96-h LC50 of >40.3 mg Sr/L for fish, Cyprinus carpio[1]. The lowest chronic NOEC of 21 mg Sr/L was reported for Daphnia magna (Biesinger and Christensen 1972).The acute and chronic ERV values for strontium are >1 mg/L therefore strontium does not need to be taken into account in the classification for environmental hazard.
For copper, a significant number of short- and long-term aquatic data is available. The lowest acute toxicity value reported for copper at pH 6 is a LC50 of 4.4 µg Cu/L (Errickson et al. 1996[2]).The second lowest acute value at pH 6 is a LC50 of 9.5 µg Cu/L reported for Ceriodaphnia dubia (Schubauer-Beringan et al. 1993). The LC50 of 4.4 µg Cu/L was determined in a study with larvae of fathead minnows (< 24 h old) and is an outlier to the other acute effect values for copper and therefore is considered as an unreasonable worst-case. For that reason, the value of 9.5 µg Cu/L from the study with C. dubia (Schubauer-Beringan et al. 1993) is used as the acute ERV for classification of strontium apatite, copper doped. A large amount of chronic data are available for copper. The lowest chronic NOEC value of 4.2 µg Cu/L at pH 6.3 was determined in a toxicity study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata conducted according to the OECD 201 guideline (Heijerick et al. 2005) and this value is used as the chronic ERV for classification of strontium apatite, copper doped. Although there is a large number of studies with copper, the values selected from the studies abovementioned are considered to represent a sufficient level of protection for the environment and therefore are used as acute and chronic ERVs for classification of strontium apatite, copper doped.
Based on comparison of copper solubility determined in the T/D study with relevant ERV values, strontium apatite, copper doped is assigned an acute classification Aquatic Acute 1, as the concentration of dissolved copper released after 7 days in the TD test is higher than the acute ERV for copper. There is no data on the release of copper at loading rate of 0.1 mg/L after 28 days. However, based on the composition of strontium apatite copper doped the maximum possible release of copper at 0.1 mg/L loading rate is 2.78 µg/L. Therefore, the substance does not need to be classified as Aquatic Chronic 1. The dissolved copper concentration released after 28 days in the T/D test at a loading rate of 1 mg/L is greater than the chronic ERV value derived for soluble copper, therefore strontium apatite, copper doped is classified as Aquatic Chronic 2. The comparison of copper solubility determined in the T/D study with relevant ERV values and the impact on classification are presented in the following table:
Table 1 Determination of classification of strontium apatite, copper doped
Constituent |
Acute hazard |
Chronic |
||||
Copper release (µg/L)* 7 days |
ERV (µg/L) |
Proposed classification |
Copper release (µg/L)* 28 days |
ERV (µg/L) |
Proposed classification |
|
Copper |
17.68 |
9.5 |
Acute 1** |
20.91 |
4.2 |
Chronic 2 |
* In the T/D test at 1 mg/L loading rate
**An M factor should be derived for any substance classified as Acute or Chronic Category 1 for the environment. M factors allow the appropriate classification of mixtures containing these substances to be derived, and allow the more environmentally hazardous components to be more highly weighted than less hazardous components.
Although strontium apatite, copper doped is classified as Acute Category 1 it is not appropriate to derive M factors for this complex UVCB. If this substance was present in a mixture then it would be more appropriate (and simpler) to derive the classification based on the component substances directly, rather than by using the classification of the strontium apatite, copper doped.
[1]Based on ECHA dissemination portal, accessed on 27thDecember 2017.
[2]Erickson RJ, Benoit DA, Mattson VR, Nelson HP Jr., Leonard EN. 1996. The effects of water chemistry on the toxicity of copper to fathead minnows. Environ Toxicol Chem 15: 181-193
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