3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water

Biodegradability of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS no. 120 -20 -7) is predicted using QSAR toolbox version 3.3 (2018) with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 1.17% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7). If released in to the environment, 20.4% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine in water is estimated to be 37.5 days (900 hrs). The half-life (37.5 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine in sediment is estimated to be 337.5 days (8100 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.249%), indicates that 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine is not persistent in sediment.

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2018). If released into the environment, 79.2% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl) ethan-1 -amine in soil is estimated to be 75 days (1800 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

BCFBAF model (v3.01) of Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) was used to predict the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 3.162 L/kg whole body w.w (at 25 deg C) which does not exceed the bio concentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine  is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

Adsorption / desorption

KOCWIN model (v2.00) of Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) was used to predict the soil adsorption coefficient i.e Koc value of test chemical 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7). The soil adsorption coefficient i.e Koc value of 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine was estimated to be 208.7 L/kg (log Koc = 2.3195) by means of MCI method (at 25 deg C). This Koc value indicates that the substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine has a low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water

Various predicted data for the target compound 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS No. 120-20-7) and supporting weight of evidence studies for its functionally similar read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In a prediction done by SSS (2018) using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor, percentage biodegradability of test chemical 2-(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7) was estimated.Test substance undergoes 1.16% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

 

In another prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2018), the biodegradation potential of the test compound2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine(CAS No. 120-20-7) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated.The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amineis expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from peer reviewed journal (Stefan Gartiser, et. al; 2007) for the read across chemical Trimethoprim (CAS no. 738-70-5),biodegradation experiment was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance Trimethoprim (CAS no. 738-70-5). The study was performed according to combination of OECD 301 B (CO2 evolution test) and OECD 302 B (Zahn-Wellens test, respectively under aerobic conditions. Activated sludge derived from the municipal sewage treatment plant of Whyl (Abwasserzweckverband Kaiserstuhl Nord, population equivalent 14.300) was used as a test inoculum for the study. The activated sludge was used immediately and washed twice with mineral medium according to OECD 302 B. Conc. of test inoculum and intial test substance conc. used for the study was0.2 gm d.s./l and 100 mg/l based on TOC, respectively. Mineral medium mentioned in OECD 302 B guideline was used as a test medium for the study.20 gas wash bottles (2000 ml volume each) with lateral connecting pieces with butyl rubber septums for DOC sampling were used as reactors. Test vessels were aerated with CO2-free air for 24 hrs during 28 day period. The liquid volume was fixed at 1.500 ml each. Mixing was performed by a magnetic stirrer with 2 cm stir bars. In addition to the test vessel, at least two inoculum blanks, two reference bottles with sodium benzoate as a procedure control and in some tests one inhibition control with the test and the reference compound were prepared. Sodium benzoate was used as a reference substance for the study. The CO2-free air production system consisted of an air compressor (NO10.AN 18, KNF Neuberger, Freiburg, Germany), two 1000 ml gas wash bottles filled with dry soda lime, followed by three bottles, one filled with 0.1 M NaOH (sodium hydroxide), one filled with 0.05 M Ba(OH)2 (barium hydroxide) and one filled with demineralised water. The CO2-free air was passed on to an air distributer with two input and 20 output channels and through PE-tubes to the sealed reactors at a rate of 50–100 ml/min each. The CO2 produced in the reactors was absorbed in two 250 ml gas wash bottles in series, each filled with 200 ml 0.2 M NaOH. Herein the second CO2-absorber flask was used as a protective flask to shield the first one from room air. Unlike the original test guideline of the CO2-evolution test sampling was performed without changing the absorption bottles. NaOH (4 ml) was removed through the butyl rubber septum using 5 ml PE syringes in order to avoid CO2 influx from room air to the system. The amount withdrawn for sampling was considered in the calculation of degradation. On the 28th day (exception: the screening assay was prolonged up to 36 d) 1 ml concentrated hydrogen chloride acid (HCl) was added into each reactor to release the CO2 dissolved in water and the IC (IC = inorganic carbon) was determined in both CO2-absorber flasks in line. The amount of carbon dioxide produced from the test compound less the amount derived from the blank inoculum was expressed as a percentage of ThCO2 (theoretical amount of CO2) introduced with the test compound. The DOC was determined from 10 ml samples withdrawn from the reactors through butyl rubber septum after filtration with cellulose acetate 0.45lm filters. Both IC and DOC measurements were performed using total carbon analyser (TOC-5000 A, Shimadzu Deutschland, Duisburg). DOC-elimination was calculated from the DOC in the respective test flask less the mean DOC in blanks in relation to the TOC introduced with the test compound. Reference substance sodium benzoate undergoes 60-83% degradation in 7 days. The percentage degradation of test substance Trimethoprim was determined to be 23 and 16% by TOC and DOC removal parameter in 0.125 days and 28 days, respectively. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Trimethoprim is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of the same read across substance Trimethoprim (CAS no. 738-70-5) (Gsbl database, 2017). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) under aerobic conditions at a temperature of 20°C, respectively. Mixed culture was used as a test inoculum obtained from sewage treatment plant, drain. Sodium acetate was used as a reference substance for the study. Test substance conc. used in the study was 0.0046 to 3.25 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of test substance Trimethoprim was determined to be 4% by O2 consumption parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Trimethoprim is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine(from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and EPI suite, 2018) and for its read across substance (from peer reviewed journal and authoritative database Gsbl), it can be concluded that the test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine can be expected to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test compound 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7). If released in to the environment, 20.4% of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine in water is estimated to be 37.5 days (900 hrs). The half-life (37.5 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is moderate to low whereas the half-life period of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine in sediment is estimated to be 337.5 days (8100 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.249%), indicates that 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine is not persistent in sediment.

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7) in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2018). If released into the environment, 79.2% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl) ethan-1 -amine in soil is estimated to be 75 days (1800 hrs). Based on this half-life value of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

On the basis of available information, the test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine can be considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Various predicted data for the target compound 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS No. 120-20-7) and supporting weight of evidence study for its structurally similar read across substance were reviewed for the bioaccumulation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In aprediction done using the BCFBAF Program(v3.01) of Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) was used to predict the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 3.162 L/kg whole body w.w (at 25 deg C).

 

Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of test chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated using Chemspider database(ChemSpider, 2017). The bioconcentration factor of test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 1 at both pH 5.5 and 7.4, respectively.

 

Another predicted data was estimated usingSciFinder database (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2017) was used for predicting the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 1 and 1.81 at pH range 1-9 & 10, respectively (at 25 deg C).

 

From CompTox Chemistry Dashboard using OPERA (OPEn (quantitative) structure-activity Relationship Application)  V1.02 model in which calculation based on PaDEL descriptors (calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints of chemical), the bioaccumulation i.e BCF for test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 7.30 dimensionless . The predicted BCF result based on the 5 OECD principles.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (HSDB and PubChem, 2017) for the read across chemical Papaverine (CAS no. 58-74-2),bioaccumulation experiment in fish was conducted for estimating the BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of read across chemical Papaverine (CAS no. 58-74-2). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value was calculated using a logKow of 2.95 and a regression-derived equation. The estimated BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of Papaverine was determined to be 41 dimensionless.

 

For the read across chemical Eugenol (CAS no. 97-53-0), bioaccumulation study in fish was conducted for estimating the BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of read across chemical Eugenol (CAS no. 97-53-0) (HSDB, 2017). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value was calculated using a logKow of 2.49 and a regression-derived equation. The estimated BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of Eugenol was determined to be 20 dimensionless.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (from EPI suite,ChemSpider, SciFinder database and CompTox Chemistry Dashboard,  2017) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database HSDB and Pubchem), it can be concluded that the BCF value of test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine ranges from 1 – 7.3 which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amineis not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

Adsorption / desorption

Various predicted data for the target compound 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS No. 120-20-7) and supporting weight of evidence study for its structurally and functionally similar read across substance were reviewed for the adsorption end point which are summarized as below:

 

In aprediction done using theKOCWIN Program(v2.00) of Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) was used to predict the soil adsorption coefficient i.e Koc value of test chemical 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7). The soil adsorption coefficient i.e Koc value of 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine was estimated to be 208.7 L/kg (log Koc = 2.3195) by means of MCI method (at 25 deg C). This Koc value indicates that the substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine has a low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.

 

In an another prediction done by using ChemSpider Database (2017),the Soil Adsorption Coefficient i.e Koc value of test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS no. 120 -20 -7) was estimated. The adsorption coefficient (Koc) value of test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 1 (Log Koc = 0) at both pH 5.5 and 7.4, respectively. This Koc value indicates that the substance   2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine has a negligible sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have rapid migration potential to ground water.

 

Additional soil adsorption coefficient i.e Koc value of test chemical2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (CAS No. 120 -20 -7)was estimated using the SciFinder database (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2017).The soil adsorption coefficient i.e Koc value of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 1, 1.37, 11.3 and 47.1 at pH range 1-7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively (at 25 deg C). The Koc value (at pH 7.0) indicates that the substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine has a negligible sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have rapid migration potential to ground water.

 

From CompTox Chemistry Dashboard using OPERA (OPEn (quantitative) structure-activity Relationship Application)  V1.02 model in which calculation based on PaDEL descriptors (calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints of chemical), the adsorption coefficient i.e KOC for test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine was estimated to be 143 L/kg (log Koc = 2.153).The predicted KOC result based on the 5 OECD principles. This Koc value indicates that the substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine has a low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (HSDB, 2017) for the read across chemical Vanillin (CAS no. 121-33-5), adsorption study was conducted for estimating the adsorption coefficient (Koc) value of read across chemical Vanillin (CAS no. 121-33-5). The adsorption coefficient (Koc) value was calculated using astructure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices. The adsorption coefficient (Koc) value of substance Vanillin was estimated to be 10 (Log Koc = 1.0). This Koc value indicates that the substance Vanillin has a negligible sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have rapid migration potential to ground water.

 

For the read across chemical Trimethoprim (CAS no. 738-70-5),adsorption study was conducted for estimating the adsorption coefficient (Koc) value of read across chemical Trimethoprim (CAS no. 738-70-5) (HSDB, 2017). The adsorption coefficient (Koc) value was calculated using a logKow of 0.91 and a regression derived equation. The adsorption coefficient (Koc) value of substance Trimethoprim was estimated to be 75 (Log Koc = 1.875). This Koc value indicates that the substance Trimethoprim has a low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate migration potential to ground water.

 

On the basis of above overall results for target chemical 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine (from EPI suite,ChemSpider, SciFinder database and CompTox Chemistry Dashboard,2017) and for its read across substance (from authoritative database HSDB, 2017), it can be concluded that the Koc value of test substance 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine ranges from 1–208.7 indicating that the test chemical 2 -(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1 -amine has a negligible to low sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have rapid to moderate migration potential to ground water.