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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Skin corrosion is not anticipated. This is based on 1) absence of skin corrosive characteristics in the molecular structure such as acidic and base groups; 2) slight skin irritation observed in absence of skin corrosive effects tested at 100% in the pre-screen test of the LLNA and; 3) absence of eye irritation.

Skin irritation (OECD TG 439): Irritating
Eye irritation (OECD TG 438): Not irritating

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
04 July 2016 - 29 August 2016
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
Version / remarks:
28 July 2015
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)
Version / remarks:
20 July 2012
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Test system:
human skin model
Source species:
human
Cell type:
other: epidermal keratinocytes
Cell source:
other: SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France.
Source strain:
other: Not applicable
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on test system:
RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EPISKIN Small ModelTM, 0.38 cm^2
- Tissue batch number: 16-EKIN-034
- Twenty five μL of the undiluted test substance was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues.
- The test item was applied topically to the corresponding tissues ensuring uniform covering.

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 35.9 - 36.6°C

PRE-TEST PROCEDURE:
Assessment of Direct Test Item Reduction of MTT
MTT Salt Metabolism, Cell Viability Assay
The MTT assay, a colorimetric method of determining cell viability, is based on reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) to a blue formazan salt by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells. One limitation of the assay is possible interference of the test item with MTT. A test item may directly reduce MTT, thus mimicking dehydrogenase activity of the cellular mitochondria. This property of the test item is only a problem, if at the time of the MTT test (after rinsing) there are still sufficient amounts of the test item present on or in the tissues. In this case, the true metabolic MTT reduction and the false direct MTT reduction can be differentiated and quantified.
Test for Direct MTT Reduction + colour interference:
The test substance was checked for possible direct MTT reduction and colour interference before the study was started. Some non-coloured test items may change into coloured items in aqueous conditions and thus stain the skin tissues during the exposure. To assess the colour interference, 10 μL of the test substance was added to 90 μL Milli-Q water. The mixture was mixed for approximately 15 minutes. A negative control, 10 μL Milli-Q water was tested concurrently. At the end of the shaking period a colour check was performed. To assess the ability of the test item to reduce MTT, 25 μL of the test item was added to 2 mL MTT solution (0.3 mg/mL in PBS). The mixture was incubated for 3 hours at 37°C. A negative control, sterile Milli-Q water was tested concurrently. At the end of the incubation period a colour check was performed.

PRE-INCUBATION:
On the day of receipt the tissues were transferred to 12-well plates and preincubated with prewarmed Maintenance Medium for approximately 22 hours at 37°C. Maintenance medium and Assay medium were supplied by Skinethic Laboratories, Lyon, France.

APPLICATION/TREATMENT OF TEST SUBSTANCE:
The test was performed on a total of 3 tissues per test item together with negative and positive controls. Twenty five μL of the undiluted test item was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues. Three tissues were treated with 25 μL PBS (negative control) and 3 tissues with 25 μL 5% SDS (positive control) respectively. The positive control was re-spread after 7 minutes contact time. After the exposure period of 15 ± 0.5 minutes at room temperature, the tissues were washed with phosphate buffered saline to remove residual test item. After rinsing, the cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and moved to a new well on 2 mL pre-warmed maintenance medium until all tissues were dosed and rinsed. Subsequently the skin tissues were incubated for 42 hours at 37°C.

CELL VIABILITY MEASUREMENT:
After incubation, cell culture inserts were dried carefully to remove excess medium and were transferred into a 12-wells plate prefilled with 2 mL MTT-solution (0.3 mg/mL in PBS). The tissues were incubated for 3 h at 37°C. After incubation the tissues were placed on blotting paper to dry the tissues. Total biopsy was made by using a biopsy punch. Epidermis was separated from the collagen matrix and both parts were placed in prelabeled microtubes and extracted with 500 μL isopropanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Tubes were stored refrigerated and protected from light for 70 hours. The amount of extracted formazan was determined spectrophotometrically at 570 nm in duplicate with the TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader. Cell viability was calculated for each tissue as a percentage of the mean of the negative control tissues. Skin irritation potential of the test item was classified according to remaining cell viability following exposure of the test item.

DECISION CRITERIA
- A test substance is considered irritant in the skin irritation test if: The relative mean tissue viability of three individual tissues after 15 minutes of exposure to the test substance and 42 hours of post incubation is ≤ 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls.
- A test substance is considered non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test if: The relative mean tissue viability of three individual tissues after 15 minutes of exposure to the test substance and 42 hours of post incubation is > 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls.
Control samples:
yes, concurrent negative control
yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:
Test material
- Applied volume: 25 μL
Duration of treatment / exposure:
15-Minute exposure period and 42 hours post-exposure incubation period.
Number of replicates:
A total of 9 tissues were used: Triplicate tissues were treated with: test substance, positive control or negative control.
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: relative mean viability (%)
Value:
30
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: The relative mean tissue viability compared to the negative control tissues (100%).
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Direct MTT Reduction:
The test item was checked for colour interference in aqueous conditions and possible direct MTT reduction by adding the test item to MTT medium. Because no colour changes were observed it was concluded that the test item did not interact with the MTT endpoint.

Test Item, Positive Control Item and Negative Control Item
The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment with the test item compared to the negative control tissues was 30%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for Citrolate was below 50% it is considered to be irritant.

Quality Criteria
The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure of 11%. The absolute mean OD570 of the negative control tissues was within the laboratory historical control data range. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was 7% or less, indicating that the test system functioned properly.

Mean OD570 Values and Percentage Viabilities for the Negative Control Item, Positive Control Item and Test Item:

Item

OD570 of

tissues

Mean OD570

of triplicate

tissues

± SD of

OD570

Relative

individual

tissue

viability (%)

Relative

mean

viability (%)

Negative

Control Item

0.746

0.744

0.052

100*

0.691

0.794

Positive Control Item

0.061

0.083

0.025

8

11

0.076

11

0.110

14

Test Item

0.257

0.226

0.032

34

30

0.229

33

0.192

24

OD = optical density

SD = Standard deviation

*The mean viability of the negative control tissues is set at 100 %

Interpretation of results:
other: Skin irritant, Category 2
Remarks:
according to EU CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.
Conclusions:
The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment with the test substance compared to the negative control tissues was 30%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the test substance was below 50% it is considered to be irritant.
Executive summary:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in vitro using a human skin model through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were according to OECD TG 439 guideline and GLP principles. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 25 μL undiluted test substance. After 42 hour post-exposure incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment.

Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. Reliable negative and positive controls were included. The positive control had a mean cell viability of 11% after 15 minutes exposure. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was less than 7%, indicating that the test system functioned properly. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissues was 30%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was below 50% after 15 minutes treatment the substance is considered to be irritant.

Endpoint:
skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
other:
Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
adverse effect observed (irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
12-08-2016 to 21-09-2016
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Triskelion B.V., Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AV, Zeist
Species:
other: eyes of male or female chickens (ROSS, spring chickens)
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Slaughterhouse v.d. Bor, Nijkerkerveen, The Netherlands
- Characteristics of donor animals: Approximately 7 weeks old, male or female chickens, body weight range approximately 1.5-2.5 kg, were used as eye donors.
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: Heads of the animals were cut off immediately after sedation of the animals by electric shock and incision of the neck for bleeding, and before they reached the next station on the process line. The heads were placed in small plastic boxes on a bedding of paper tissues moistened with isotonic saline. Next, they were transported to the testing facility. During transportation, the heads were kept at ambient temperature.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: Within 2 hours after kill, eyes were carefully dissected and placed in a superfusion apparatus.
- Indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: No
- Indication of any antibiotics used: No
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on study design:
SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATED EYES
Within 2 hours after kill, eyes were carefully dissected and placed in a superfusion apparatus using the following procedure: First the eye-lids were carefully removed without damaging the cornea and a small drop of Fluorescein sodium 2.0% w/v was applied to the corneal surface for a few seconds and subsequently rinsed off with isotonic saline at ambient temperature. Next, the head with the fluorescein-treated cornea was examined with a slit-lamp microscope (Slit-lamp 900 BP, Haag-Streit AG, Liebefeld-Bern, Switzerland) to ensure that the cornea was not damaged. If undamaged (e.g., fluorescein retention and corneal opacity scores of ≤ 0.5), the eye was further dissected from the head without damaging the eye or cornea. Care was taken to remove the eye-ball from the orbit without cutting off the optical nerve too short. The enucleated eye was placed in a stainless steel clamp with the cornea positioned vertically and transferred to a chamber of the superfusion apparatus. The clamp holding the eye was positioned in such a way that the entire cornea was supplied with isotonic saline from a bent, stainless steel tube, at a target rate of 0.10-0.15 mL/min. The chambers of the superfusion apparatus as well as the saline were temperature controlled at approximately 32 °C (water pump set at 36.4 °C). After placing in the superfusion apparatus, the eyes were examined again with the slit-lamp microscope to ensure that they were not damaged. An accurate measurement was taken at the corneal apex of each eye. Eyes with a corneal thickness deviating more than 10% of the average corneal thickness of the eyes, eyes showing opacity (score higher than 0.5), or were unacceptably stained with fluorescein (score higher than 0.5) indicating the cornea to be permeable, or eyes that showed any other signs of damage, were rejected as test eyes and replaced.

EQUILIBRATION AND BASELINE RECORDINGS
Each eye provided its own baseline values for corneal swelling, corneal opacity and fluorescein retention. For that purpose, after an equilibration period of 45-60 minutes, the corneal thickness of the eyes was measured again to determine the zero reference value for corneal swelling calculations.

NUMBER OF REPLICATES
Negative control: 1
Positive control: 3
Test group: 3

NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
Physiological saline

POSITIVE CONTROL USED
Benzalkonium Chloride 5%

APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
30 μL for 10 seconds

OBSERVATION PERIOD
240 minutes

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Volume and washing procedure after exposure period: 20 mL saline. After rinsing, each eye in the holder was returned to its chamber.
- Indicate any deviation from test procedure in the Guideline: none

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: Slit-lamp microscope examination
- Damage to epithelium based on fluorescein retention: Slit-lamp microscope examination
- Swelling: measured with optical pachymeter on a slit-lamp microscope; slit-width setting: set at 0.095 mm
- Others: After the final examination, the test substance treated eyes, the negative and positive control eyes were preserved in a neutral aqueous phosphate-buffered 4% solution of formaldehyde. The corneas were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at ca 4 μm and stained with PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff). The microscopic slides were subjected to histopathological examination.

SCORING SYSTEM:
Defined scoring scales were used for each parameter to define the severity of effects into four categories (I-IV).
- Mean corneal swelling (%): According to OECD 438 guideline. Examination of the eyes after 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes
- Mean maximum opacity score: According to OECD 438 guideline. Examination of the eyes after 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes
- Mean fluorescein retention score at 30 minutes post-treatment: According to OECD 438 guideline.

DECISION CRITERIA: According to OECD 438 guideline
Irritation parameter:
percent corneal swelling
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
0
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: maximum mean values
Irritation parameter:
cornea opacity score
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
0.3
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other: maximum mean values
Irritation parameter:
fluorescein retention score
Run / experiment:
slit-lamp examination
Value:
0.2
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Slit-lamp examination: The test substance caused corneal effects consisting of no corneal swelling, no or slight opacity (mean score of 0.3) and no or very slight fluorescein retention (mean score of 0.2).
The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate.
The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants.

Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight erosion of the epithelium in one cornea.
Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed slight or severe erosion and slight or moderate vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane (two corneas), and endothelial necrosis (two corneas).
Interpretation of results:
other: Not an eye irritant.
Remarks:
According to EU CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.
Conclusions:
Under the test conditions (OECD 438 and GLP) the test substance is not considered to be an eye irritant.
Executive summary:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP, the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused corneal effects consisting of no corneal swelling, no or slight opacity (mean score of 0.3) and no or very slight fluorescein retention (mean score of 0.2). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight erosion of the epithelium in one cornea. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed slight or severe erosion and slight or moderate vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane (two corneas), and endothelial necrosis (two corneas). Based on these results, the test substance is considered to be not eye irritating.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Additional information

Skin corrosion:

Skin corrosion is not anticipated. This is based on 1) absence of skin corrosive characteristics in the molecular structure such as acidic and base groups; 2) slight skin irritation observed in absence of skin corrosive effects tested at 100% in the pre-screen test of the LLNA and; 3) absence of eye irritation.

In vitro skin irritation test:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested in vitro using a human skin model through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were according to OECD TG 439 guideline and GLP principles. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 25 μL undiluted test substance. After 42 hour post-exposure incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment.

Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. Reliable negative and positive controls were included. The positive control had a mean cell viability of 11% after 15 minutes exposure. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was less than 7%, indicating that the test system functioned properly. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissues was 30%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was below 50% after 15 minutes treatment the substance is considered to be irritant.

In vitro eye irritation:

In accordance to OECD guideline 438 and GLP, the test substance was examined for its in vitro eye irritating potential using the Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) Test. In the ICE test, 3 eyes were exposed to 30 µL test substance for 10 seconds. In addition, one negative control eye (30 µL saline) and three positive control eyes (30 µL Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)) were tested. After the exposure the eyes were rinsed with 20 mL saline and were examined at approximately 0, 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after treatment. The test substance caused corneal effects consisting of no corneal swelling, no or slight opacity (mean score of 0.3) and no or very slight fluorescein retention (mean score of 0.2). The negative control eye did not show any corneal effect and demonstrated that the general conditions during the tests were adequate. The positive control BAC 5% caused severe corneal effects and demonstrated the ICE test valid to detect severe eye irritants. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the test substance revealed very slight erosion of the epithelium in one cornea. Microscopic examination of the cornea treated with the negative control (saline) did not reveal any abnormalities. Microscopic examination of the corneas treated with the positive control BAC 5% revealed slight or severe erosion and slight or moderate vacuolation of the epithelium, the epithelium partly detached from the basement membrane (two corneas), and endothelial necrosis (two corneas). Based on these results, the test substance is considered to be not eye irritating.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Skin corrosion: Skin corrosion is not anticipated. This is based on 1) absence of skin corrosive characteristics in the molecular structure such as acidic and base groups; 2) slight skin irritation observed in absence of skin corrosive effects tested at 100% in the pre-screen test of the LLNA and; 3) absence of eye irritation.

Skin irritation: Based on the positive results in the in vitro skin irritation test the substance needs to be classified a Skin Irritant, Category 2, and labelled with H315: Causes skin irritation, according to EU CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.

Eye irritation: Based on the negative results in the Isolated Chicken Eye test the substance does not have to be classified for eye irritation according to EU CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and its amendments.