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EC number: 272-818-8 | CAS number: 68915-97-9 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the atmospheric distillation of crude oil. It boils in the range of approximately 282°C to 349°C (540°F to 660°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1989-06-13 to 1989-07-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is classified as reliable without restriction because the study was conducted according or similar to OECD 471 with modifications.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 991
- Report date:
- 1991
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- modified Ames assay
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: modified Ames assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Straight run gas oils (CAS# 64741-44-2 and 68814-87-9)
- IUPAC Name:
- Straight run gas oils (CAS# 64741-44-2 and 68814-87-9)
- Details on test material:
- Straight-run gas oils
Sample Number 1 (in study report): MD 57324, North Africa crude, no desulphurisation
Total Polyaromatic hydrocarbons: <27.64 mg/kg,
3 to 7 Ring Polyaromatic carbons (%): 0.7
Sample Number 2 (in study report): MD 57380, North Sea crude, no desulphurisation
Total Polyaromatic hydrocarbons: < 8.38 mg/kg
3 to 7 Ring Polyaromatic carbons (%): 0.8
Two millilitres of test article were mixed with three millilitres of cyclohexane to homogeneity. Ten millilitres of dimethylsulphoxide was then added and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was vortexed every 5 minutes for a total of 30 minutes. Afterwards, the mixture was centrifuged at 200xg for 5 minutes at 22°C, and the DMSO layer was extracted and stored in an amber bottle at 4°C until ready for assay.
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor 1254-induced male hamster S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- DMSO extracts of middle distillates were delivered at doses of 60 μl, 50 μl/60 μl, 40 μl/60 μl, 30 μl/60 μl, 20 μl/60 μl, 15 μl/60 μl, 10 μl/60 μl, or 5 μl/60 μl.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Dimethylsulphoxide
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, 2-nitrofluorene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Modified Ames (1975) procedure included preliminary solubilisation of the oil in cyclohexane followed by single extraction of dimethylsulphoxide. Additionally, S9 fraction from hamster liver was used instead of rat S9, and the concentration of NADP was increased from 4 to 8 millimolar.
The extracted oil, tester bacteria (TA98), and metabolic activation system (hamster S9) were combined in suspension, incubated for 20 minutes at 37°C were poured into a petri dish, incubated for 48 hours overnight at 37°C, and subsequently counted for revertant colonies. - Evaluation criteria:
- The assay is considered acceptable under the following conditions: (1) the spontaneous and solvent control reversion rates are between 30 and 55 revertants per plate, and (2) the single dose of Stock 642-100” CNN at 50 microlitres reversion rate is between 100 and 200 revertants per plate.
- Statistics:
- The mean number of revertants per plate for each dose was calculated. The Student-Newman Keuls Test (SAS) was performed to determine if dose-related doubling relative to the mean was statistically significant. If doubling was reached, triplicate revertant values at all doses were plotted versus dose on an arithmetic scale. Nonlinear regression was used to determine the slope of the dose-response curve, and this value is the mutagenicity index of the test material.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- Marginally genotoxic for straight run components (CAS# 64741-44-2) )
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Remarks:
- CAS# 68814-87-9
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Sample Number |
Sample Code |
Mutagenicity index |
1 |
MD 57324 |
0.8 |
2 |
MD 57380 |
1.3 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive with metabolic activation marginally mutagenic
The two straight-run gas oils, CAS# 68814-87-9 and CAS# 64741-44-2, were marginally mutagenic with metabolic activation and had mutagenicity indices of 0.8 and 1.3, respectively. - Executive summary:
In a reverse gene mutation assay in bacteria, S. typhimurium strain TA98 was exposed to straight run gas oil (CAS# 68814-87-9 or CAS# 64741-44-2) at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 μl/plate in the presence of mammalian metabolic activation (Aroclor 1254-induced hamster liver S9) using the pre-incubation method.
CAS# 68814-87-9 and CAS# 64741-44-2 were tested up to concentrations that were completely soluble. The positive controls induced the appropriate response. There was marginal evidence of induced mutant colonies over background, with the straight-run gas oils producing mutagenicity indices of 0.8 and 1.3, respectively.
This study received a Klimisch score of 1 and is classified as reliable without restriction because the study was conducted according or similar to OECD 471 with modifications.
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