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EC number: 205-429-9 | CAS number: 140-73-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From July 06 to August 04, 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1997
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Non-adapted activated sludge from the aeration tank of the ARA Werdhölzli (CH-8048 Zürich), a municipal biological waste water treatment plant. 30 mg/l dry matter in the final mixture.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- ca. 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 32.8 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Test procedure
The activated sludge was used after sampling from the treatment plant without adaptation. However, the sludge was pre-conditioned for 7 days (aerated but not fed) to reduce the amount of O2 consumed by the blank controls. For this pre-conditioning phase, the sludge was washed twice with tap water and once with mineral medium. After centrifugation, the sludge was suspended in test medium, at about 1.8 g/l dry matter. Before the test, this suspension was diluted down to 60 mg/l dry matter, i.e. twice the final concentration, since this suspension was diluted 1:1 (v:v) afterwards (either with mineral medium in flasks T and B; or with the reference item’s stock solution in flasks R and X, or with ultrapure water in flask C).
The test item was applied by direct addition in the test vessels, so as to give a final test concentration of about 100 mg ThOD/l (i.e. about 32 mg/l test item).
The reference item was dissolved in the test medium at a concentration twice of the final concentration to be achieved for the test. This stock solution was diluted with the sludge suspension 1:1 (v:v) to give a final test concentration of about 100 mg ThOD/l (i.e. about 60 mg/l reference item).
In the toxicity control a mixture of about 100 mgThOD/l of test item and about 100 mg ThOD/l of reference item was tested (total 200 mg ThOD/l; application by direct addition and by stock solution, respectively).
In the abiotic sterile control about 100 mg ThOD/l of test item was tested (application by direct addition).
The following test flasks was set up:
T: Test suspension: containing inoculum, test medium and test item (two replicates)
B: Blank control: containing inoculum and test medium (two replicates)
R: Procedure control containing inoculum, test medium and sodium benzoate as ready biodegradable reference item (two replicates)
C: Abiotic sterile control: containing test item, ultra-pure water and 0.04 mM HgCl2 as sterilizing agent to prevent microbial decomposition (one replicate)
X: Toxicity control: containing inoculum, test medium, test item and sodium benzoate as ready biodegradable reference item (one replicate)
Before the test start, the pH value was checked and if necessary adjusted to 7.2 (± 0.2) with NaOH or HCl (except in flask C; and in flask T and X only if the test item is soluble).
The test vessels were stirred by an inductive stirring system for a maximum test period of 28 days. During the test the O2 uptake was continuously measured with a manometric BOD measuring device. The temperature was recorded with a data logger.
At the end of the test, the pH was measured in all flasks except the abiotic sterile control (C).
Total elimination was determined in each test vessel (T, B and R) based on the theoretical carbon content and the analysis of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at the end of the test. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 77
- Sampling time:
- 10 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 10-d window
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- ca. 90
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: as compared to the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD).
- Details on results:
- Biodegradation of the test item started without any significant lag-phase.
The procedure control sodium benzoate reached 80 % biodegradation after 14 days, thus confirming suitability of inoculum and test conditions.
The respective concentrations of organic carbon at the beginning (as mg TOC/l) and at the end (as mg DOC/l) of the test after 28 days were, respectively:
27.4 * and 1.24 / 1.66 for test unit 1 / test unit 2
<0.5 and 0.776 for the blank control (mean of two replicates)
35.0* and 1.32 for the procedure control (mean of two replicates)
* theoretical value calculated based on the carbon content and the test concentration
The total eliminationcalculated based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements reached 98 % for the test item and for sodium benzoate, respectively. The data confirm the high biodegradability of the test item since the total elimination based on DOC was only slightly higher than the biodegradation based on BOD.
The test item reached the pass level of 60% for ready biodegradability in the Manometric Respirometry Test within the 10-d window - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance under these test conditions is Readily Biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
Method
The biodegradability of the test substance exposed to microorganisms derived from activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant was investigated under aerobic static exposure conditions, following the test guideline OECD 301 F.
In this test, biodegradability of the test item is monitored during 28 days at 22 °C in test vessels containing a low concentration of sludge from a sewage treatment plant (30 mg/l dry matter), test medium and the test item (about 100 mg ThOD /l); along with blank (negative), procedure (positive), toxicity and abiotic sterile controls. The amount of O2 taken up by the microbial population during biodegradation of the test item (corrected for the value in the blank control) is expressed as percentage of the theoretical O2demand, ThOD, and serves as the measure for the extent of biodegradation.
Additionally, total elimination was determined based on the theoretical carbon content and the analysis of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at the end of the test.
Results
The biodegradability of the test substance based on O2consumption was calculated to be 90 % after 28 days as compared to the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD).
The biodegradation reached 77 % at the end of the 10-d window.
Biodegradation of the test item started without any significant lag-phase.
The procedure control sodium benzoate reached 80 % biodegradation after 14 days, thus confirming suitability of inoculum and test conditions.
The total eliminationcalculated based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements reached 98 % for the test item and for sodium benzoate, respectively. The data confirm the high biodegradability of the test item since the total elimination based on DOC was only slightly higher than the biodegradation based on BOD.
The test substance reached the pass level of 60 % for ready biodegradability in the Manometric Respirometry Test within the 10-d window.
Conclusion
The test substance is Readily Biodegradable.
Reference
Additional controls
Toxicity control
At the applied initial test concentration of 32.5 mg/l, the test item was not judged to have any inhibitory effect on the microbial population, since the biodegradation of the mixture (test item + reference item sodium benzoate) exceeded 25 % within 14 days.
Abiotic sterile control
The test item was not abiotically degraded (by processes using O2) during the whole test period of 28 days in the absence of microorganisms as confirmed by the lack of oxygen consumption.
Validity of the test
All validity criteria were fulfilled.
At the end of the test the pH values of the blank controls were 7.7 and 7.2 and the pH values of the procedure control were both 7.4. The pH values of the test units were 7.2 and 7.1, and the pH of the toxicity control was 7.3. All pH values were therefore in the required range at the end of the test.
The temperature was in the acceptable range during the whole incubation period.
Description of key information
Readily Biodegradable
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The biodegradability of the test substance was evaluated according to the test guideline OECD 301 F.
In this test, biodegradability of the test item is monitored during 28 days based on ThOD. Additionally, total elimination was determined based on the theoretical carbon content and the analysis of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at the end of the test.
The test substance reached the pass level of 60 % for ready biodegradability in the Manometric Respirometry Test within the 10-d window and reached the 90 % of biodegradation after 28 days, therefore is considered as readily biodegradable.
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