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EC number: 201-108-2 | CAS number: 78-35-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- December 2002 - April 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to GLP and a OECD guidelines. As such, it is considered to be Klimisch 1.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 003
- Report date:
- 2003
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,5-dimethyl-1-vinylhex-4-enyl isobutyrate
- EC Number:
- 201-108-2
- EC Name:
- 1,5-dimethyl-1-vinylhex-4-enyl isobutyrate
- Cas Number:
- 78-35-3
- Molecular formula:
- C14H24O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,5-dimethyl-1-vinylhex-4-enyl isobutyrate
- Reference substance name:
- Unknown impurities
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Unknown impurities
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
impurity 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Commercial name: Linalyl Isobutyrate
Chemical name: 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl 2-methylpropanoate
Empirical formula: C14H24O2
Molecular weight: 224.3 g/mol
CAS no: 78-35-3
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (City of Geneva, Peney-Dessous) was used. The sludge was collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 35 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Test substance samples (25 mg, corresponding to 100 mg/I in a 250-ml flask) were weighed in small aluminium boats and added directly to the test flasks of the SAPROMAT. Reference substance samples (sodium benzoate) were added as 1.0 ml of a 25 mg/ml solution in mineral medium.All flasks were filled with 250 ml of mineral medium. Samples of test or reference substance, or both, were added. Then, a volume of suspended sludge corresponding to 7.5 mg dry weight (as determined from 3.6, generally 1 to 3 ml) was added.
About 2 g of soda lime was placed in an attachment of the stopper, the flasks were closed and placed in the water bath of the SAPROMAT. After temperature and pressure equilibration, the oxygen-meters of the instrument were set to zero (time zero of the experiment).
In order to check the toxicity of the test substance to the inoculum a pair of flasks of the volumetric respirometer were filled with mineral medium and the test substance (100 mg/L), plus the reference substance (100 mg/L) and inoculum. Their respiration rate was recorded as for the other flasks.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable
- Test performance:
- Oxygen uptakes, as read on the SAPROMAT meters, were corrected to account for themsmall differences between actual and nominal concentrations of test and reference substances.
Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeds 40 % after 7 days and 65 % after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum is thus verified.
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 75
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 77
- Sampling time:
- 35 d
- Details on results:
- The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Linalyl Isobutyrate + reference substance show no toxic effect of Linalyl Isobutyrate to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/l).
Linalyl Isobutyrate undergoes 75% biodegradation after 28 days (77% after 35 days) in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on say 4 and reaches 53% at the end of the 10-day window (days 4 to 14). Hence, the 10-day window is not fulfilled. The 10-day time window criterion was developed on the assumption that a test substance is degraded according to a 'standard' growth curve in ready biodegradability tests. However, esters are usually not viewed as a single substance by micro-organisms. Both hydrolysis products are sequentially degraded, often by different micro-organisms. The degradation curve will therefore not be a standard degradation curve, but the sum of different growth curves. The OECD Guidelinesfor Testing of Chemicals, Section . Part 1: Principles and strategies related to the testing and degradation of organic chemicals (adopted 23 March 2006), states that if 'it is anticipated that a sequential biodegradation of individual structures is taking place, then the 10-day window should not be applied to interpret the results of the test.' The 10-day window should therefore not be used as a pass / fail criterion. Thus, Linalyl Isobutyrate should be regarded as readily biodegradable according to this test based on the biodegradation percentage of 75% at day 28.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeds 40 % after 7 days and 65 % after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum is thus verified.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Measured concentrations of test substance.
Flask no. |
Concentration of test substance (mg/L) |
Concentration of reference substance (mg/L) |
pH initial |
pH final |
1/5 |
0 |
100.2 |
7.54 |
8.07 |
1/6 |
0 |
100.2 |
7.54 |
8.07 |
1/7 |
0 |
0 |
7.54 |
7.63 |
1/8 |
0 |
0 |
7.54 |
7.64 |
2/1 |
102.6 |
100.2 |
7.54 |
8.23 |
2/2 |
104.4 |
100.2 |
7.54 |
8.25 |
2/3 |
104.9 |
0 |
7.54 |
7.63 |
2/4 |
106.3 |
0 |
7.54 |
7.64 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Linalyl Isobutyrate + reference substance show no toxic effect of Linalyl Isobutyrate to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/l).
Linalyl Isobutyrate undergoes 75% biodegradation after 28 days (77% after 35 days) in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on say 4 and reaches 53% at the end of the 10-day window (days 4 to 14). Hence, the 10-day window is not fulfilled. The 10-day time window criterion was developed on the assumption that a test substance is degraded according to a 'standard' growth curve in ready biodegradability tests. However, esters are usually not viewed as a single substance by micro-organisms. Both hydrolysis products are sequentially degraded, often by different micro-organisms. The degradation curve will therefore not be a standard degradation curve, but the sum of different growth curves. The OECD Guidelinesfor Testing of Chemicals, Section . Part 1: Principles and strategies related to the testing and degradation of organic chemicals (adopted 23 March 2006), states that if 'it is anticipated that a sequential biodegradation of individual structures is taking place, then the 10-day window should not be applied to interpret the results of the test.' The 10-day window should therefore not be used as a pass / fail criterion. Thus, Linalyl Isobutyrate should be regarded as readily biodegradable according to this test based on the biodegradation percentage of 75% at day 28.
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