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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 261-235-4 | CAS number: 58398-71-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- no data available
- Reliability:
- other: high
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Well-documented publication which is considered as supplementary data on the essential function of calcium in the fertilising ability of human spermatozoa. Under physiological conditions, the hydroxyl-ions released from lime following oral adminstration have been neutralised in the GI tract and are therefore not relevant for consideration of systemic toxicity. Therefore for assessment of any systemic effects of lime following administration via the oral route, the calcium ion Ca2+ is the chemical species of interest. In the current study, calcium was administered in the form of calcium chloride, the chloride ion being an ubiquitous component of mammalian mineral supply via the diet, omnipresent in body fluids and involved in osmoregulation, and therefore of limited toxicologically relevance at the tested doses. The objective of the study was the evaluation of any effects of calcium. In view of the the limited relevance of the anionic counter-ions discussed here, calcium released both from calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride can be considered as structurally equivalent, and the results of the study can be used by read-across.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Calcium dependence of human sperm fertilizing ability
- Author:
- Mortimer, D.; et al.
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Experimental Zoology 246: 194-201
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- The experiments were undertaken to investigate what components of the fertilisation process in the human are Ca-ion dependent and which can be supported by Sr-ions.
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In vitro investigation of sperm functionality, depending on mineral supply.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Calcium chloride
- EC Number:
- 233-140-8
- EC Name:
- Calcium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 10043-52-4
- IUPAC Name:
- calcium dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Calcium chloride
- Physical state: solid
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Human sperm populations incubated in medium containing either CaCl2 or SrCl2 for 0, 6 and 22 hours showed the same occurrence of acrosome reactions. Significantly more motile spermatozoa were bound to more of the human zona pellucidae in the CaCl2 medium. In the HEPT experiments, an about 15-fold higher penetration of oocytes was observed in the calcium containing medium than in the strontium medium.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The results demonstrate that while Sr-ions can substitute fully for Ca-ions in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa, sperm-zona, and sperm-oolemma interaction seem to involve some more Ca-ion specific processes.
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