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EC number: 202-860-4 | CAS number: 100-52-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: limited report, analytics poorly reported, non GLP
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larval survival and growth test was used to evaluate the relative sensitivity of 1-, 4-, and 7-d-old larvae to the test substance.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: For the test substance the first test nominal concentrations were 14.3, 7.2, 3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 mg/L, in the second set seven nomina concentrations were made, 7.2, 3.6, 1.8, 0.9, 0.45, 0.22, and 0.11 mg/L.
- Sampling: from stock solution on day 1 and 7 (stocks were renewed daily)
- Sampling method: not indicated
No additional data - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 7 L of the high test concentrations were prepared daily in the dilution water and 7 L made by serial dilution (1:1) of the higher concentration. The high concentrations were prepared using 100 μL for the first test and 50 μL for the second.
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): water
No additional data - Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: fathead minnow
- Strain: Pimephales promelas
- Source: the fathead minnow culture unit at the EPA Newtown Facility.
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 1-, 4-, and 7-d larvae
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): The mean dry weight of the 1-, 4- and 7-d larvae was 0.121, 0.173, 0.364 mg, respectively.
- Feeding during test: The 4- and 7-d larvae were not fed in the culture unit on the day the side-by-side test was started.
ACCLIMATION
- Type and amount of food: 1 g of trout chow starter food and 30 mL of a concentrated brine shrimp nauplii.
- Feeding frequency: The 1- and 7-d fish were fed 1 g of trout chow starter food two times a day and 30 mL of a concentrated brine shrimp nauplii once a day. The 4- and 7-d larvae were not fed in the culture unit on the day the side-by-side test was started.
No additional data - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- None stated
- Hardness:
- 86 to 94 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 25±1℃
- pH:
- The initial measured pH had a mean value of 8.2 and ranged from 8.1 to 8.4. The mean of the final pH measurements was 7.5 (range 7.24–7.81).
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ca. 100% of saturation
- Salinity:
- None stated
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations
First test: 14.3, 7.2, 3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 mg/L
Second test: 7.2, 3.6, 1.8, 0.9, 0.45, 0.22, and 0.11 mg/L
Measured concentrations
First test:
day 1 : 16.9, 8.5, 4.2, 2.1, 1.1 mg/L (118% of nominal)
day 7 : 0.20, 0.13, 0.02, ND, ND mg/L
mean (calculated by reviewer): 8.6, 4.3, 2.1, 1.1, 0.5 mg/L
Second test:
day 1 : 7.9, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.24, 0.12 mg/L (110% of nominal)
day 7 : 0.07, 0.01, ND, ND, ND, ND, ND mg/L
mean (calculated by reviewer): 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.12, 0.06 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 600 mL borosilicate glass beakers
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: borosilicate glass, 600 mL, 350 mL, 250 mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Alkalinity: 56 to 64 mg/L
No additional data - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: For 1-d larvae
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: For 1-d larvae
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.22 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate + survival
- Remarks on result:
- other: For 1-d larvae
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate + mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: For 1-d larvae
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: For 7-d larvae
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: For 7-d larvae
- Details on results:
- The 1-d larvae were more sensitive to this membrane irritant than the older larvae, and the 1-d larvae were more sensitive to the effect on survival while the older larvae were more sensitive to the effect on growth. In the first set the concentration of 0.90 mg/L was lethal to 87.5%, 12.5%, and 2.5% of the 1-, 4-, and 7-d larvae, respectively. The LOEC for the 1- and 4-d larvae was lower than the low test concentration of 0.90 mg/L. In the second setthe NOEC for 1 day larvae was established to be 0.22 mg/L (nominal)
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No information provided
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No information provided
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The subchronic toxicity of the test substance to the 7-d minnow larvae was 7 day NOEC = 1.8 mg/L (nominal).
The subchronic toxicity of the test substance to the 1-d minnow larvae was 7 day NOEC = 0.22 mg/L (nominal). - Executive summary:
The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larval survival and growth test was used to evaluate the relative sensitivity of 1-, 4-, and 7-d-old larvae to the test substance.
The subchronic toxicity of the test substance to the 7-d minnow larvae was 7 day NOEC = 1.8 mg/L (nominal).
The subchronic toxicity of the test substance to the 1-d minnow larvae was 7 day NOEC = 0.22 mg/L (nominal).
Based on a calculation performed by the reviewer, the measured concentrations were 0.9 mg/L and 0.11 mg/L respectively.
Reference
Description of key information
In a larval survival and growth test with Pimephales promelas, 1-, 4-, and 7-d-old larvae were exposed to benzaldehyde for 7 days. A NOEC of 0.22 mg/L (nominal) (equivalent to 0.12 mg/L, as a measured geometric mean) was reported.
A supporting 14-day toxicity study in juvenile guppies reported an LD50 of 3.9 mg/L (measured).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.12 mg/L
Additional information
Both studies show some defiencies. The study by Deneer was a semi-static study with renewal of the test substance on daily basis that included analytics of the test substance (only immediately after renewal). The study did not provide a value for a NOEC, but only an LC50 value (used to validate a QSAR).The analytics in the flow-through study by Pickering were poorly reported and no final conclusion on the measured concentrations was drawn by the authors. In a worst case approach the NOEC from this study based on measured values (calculation by reviewer) is used as starting point for the risk assessment.
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