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EC number: 207-312-8 | CAS number: 461-58-5
- Life Cycle description
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- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
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- Water solubility
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- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
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- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- September - October 1985
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: national Standard Method (Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms, 1975)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The study was conducted following the intent of the GLP Regtulations and the final report was reviewed by Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories' Qulity Assurance Unit.
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- the definitive test concentrations were obtained by trasnferring appropriate weights of test compound directly to the test chambers
- Before addition to the test chambers, 1.5 ml dimethylformamide (DMF) was added to each sample weight to increase dispersion of the compound in the dilution water
- All test concentrations were based on the total compound, i.e., not corrected for sample purity
- The solvent control chamber received a 1.5 ml aliquot of DMF, which was equivalent to the highest amount used in any test solutions - Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: bluegill sunfish
- Source: Osage Catfisheries, Osage Beach, Missouri
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean): 20 (+/- 0.82) mm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range): 0.19 (+/- 0.031) g
- test chamber loading biomass for definitve test: 0.13 g/l
- Method of breeding:
- Feeding during holding period: standard commercial fish food occassionally supplemented with brine ahrimp nauplii (Artemia sp.) daily until 48-96 h prior to testing
- Feeding during test: none
- All test fish were held in culture tanks on a 16 hour daylight photoperiod and observed at least 14 days prior to testing
- Fish were obsereved daily during the holding period
ACCLIMATION:
- to dilution water and test temperature: 48-96 h prior to testing
- no feeding during acclimation
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period
- Hardness:
- 40-45 mg/l as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 22 (+/- 1.0) °C
- pH:
- initial: 7.2-7.6
during test: 7.1-7.5 - Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.2 - 9.4 mg/l (82 and 107 % saturation)
- Salinity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- only nominal concentrations: 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/l
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: five gallon glass vessels containing 15 L of soft reconstituted water composed of the following compounds in the amounts stated per L of deionized water:
- 40 mg NaHCO3
- 30 mg CaSO4*2 H2O
- 30 mg MgSO4
- 2 mg KCl
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.13 g/l
- based on results of preliminary testing 5 concentrations of the test compound, ranging in a geometric series from 62.5 to 1000 mg/l
RANGE-FINDING TEST:
- duration: 96 h
- preliminary test concentration: 100 mg/l
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Alkalinity: 30-35 mg/l as CaCO3
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- moratlity and abnormal effects once every 24 h
- any dead individuals were removed ftom the test chambers after each 24-hour observation
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Other biological observations: no
- Mortality of control: no
- Other adverse effects control: no
- Abnormal responses: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- The 96-hour NOEC was estimated to be 1000 mg/l, the highest concentration tested, based on the lack of mortality or observed abnormal (sub-lethal) effects.
- An examination of the fish culture and acclimation records for this test indicated that the fish were in good condition for tetsing (Raw Data) - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analysis of the concentration vs. effect data (generally mortality) was obtained by employing a computerized LC50 program developed by Stephan et al. This program calculated the LC50 statistic and its 95 % confidence limits using the binominal, the moving average, and the probit tests. However, if no mortality occurred or if a dose response could not be demonstrated over a reasonable range (< 37 to > 63 %) and an LC50 and/or its percent confidence limits could not be calculated. Three different methods of analyzing the data were used since no one method of analysis is appropriate for all possible sets of data that may be obtained. The method of calculation selected for presentation in this report was that which gave the narrowest confidence limits for the LC50 although all three models are valid.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: The Acute Toxicity of LH 21,671C to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)
LC50in mg(l (ppm)
Compound
24 hours
48 hours
96 hours
LH 21,671Ca
> 1000b
> 1000
> 1000
N = 10 fish per concentration
aBioassay as conducted at 22°C (+/-1.0), mean fish weight and length, 0.19 (+/-0.031) g and 20 (+/-0.82) mm
bNo mortality occurred in any concentration tested, therefore an LC50could not be calculated.
The 96-hour no-observed effect concentration could be estimated at 1000 mg/l, based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects at the highest concentration tested.
All values were rounded to two significant figures following ABC S.O.P. #8.7.
LC50calculated using :
(1) Binomial Method
(2) Moving Average Method
(3) Probit Method
Table 2: Mortality Rates and Water Quality Measurements During the Acute Toxicity Test LH 21,671C to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)
Nominal Conc. (mg/l)
Percent Mortality
Water Quality
Hours
0-hours
48 -hours
96-hours
24
48
96
Temp. °C
D.O.amg/l
pHb
Temp. °C
D.O.amg/l
pHb
Temp. °C
D.O.amg/l
pHb
Control
0
0
0
22
9.4
7.2
23
7.0
7.1
22
7.3
7.1
Solvent Control
0
0
0
22
9.4
7.3
23
8.0
7.2
22
7.3
7.1
62.5
0
0
0
22
9.4
7.5
23
8.0
7.3
22
7.2
7.1
125
0
0
0
250
0
0
0
500
0
0
0
1000
0
0
0
22
9.4
7.5
23
8.3
7.3
22
7.2
7.1
aDissolved oxygen concentration – Dissolved Oxygen Probe (YSI Model 54)
bpH – pH Probe (Corning Model 476182) used with a Corning Model 1325 pH and mV meter.
NOTE: Dissolved oxygen saturation at the test temperatures of 22 and 23 is 8.8 and 8.7 mg/l, respectively.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Adequate testing conditions.
- Conclusions:
- 96-hour LC50(95 % C.I.) > 1000 mg/l
96-hour NOEC > 1000 mg/l
=> The test substance is practically non-toxic to Bluegill sunfish under the conditions of the test. - Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of LH 21,671C (Dicyandiamide ) to bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) was assessed using the methods outlined by the Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms. Water quality parameters of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were measures throughout the test an were within acceptable limits. Culture and acclimation period records indicated the fish were in good condition for testing.
The study was conducted at the following nominal concentrations of LH 21,671C: 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/l. Ten fish, with a mean weight of 0.19 (± 0.031) g and a mean standard length of 20 (± 0.82) mm, were exposed to each test concentration and control.
The results of the four day static fish toxicity study using LH 21,671C are summarized below. The 24- and 48-hour LC50values were also determined.
96-hour LC50(95 % C.I.) > 1000 mg/l
Also, the results indicated a 96-hour, no-observed effect concentration could be estimated at 1000 mg/l, which was based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects at the highest concentration tested.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- January - February 1985
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: national guideline: Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms, 1975
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see section "details on results"
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- This study was cond. in acc. with EPA/FIFRA GLP Standards, 40 CFR Part 160, effec. May 2, 1984, with the following exceptions: Client-approved protocol did not require Biospherics analyze test solutions. Reported res. are based on nom. conc. of test mat.
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Not applicable
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Not applicable
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Strain: Salmo gairdneri
- Source: Trout Lodge, McMillin, Washington (eyed eggs)
- Age at study initiation: approx. 4 months
- Length at study initiation (mean, range): 39.3 mm (36.1-43.7 mm)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range): 1.06 g (0.76-1.49g)
- Method of breeding: eggs were placed in incubator at 15 °C; after hatching, the fry were held in the incubator until yolk sacy were nearly resorbed; the young were then transferred to large holding tanks and maintained on a diet of Trout Chow
- No mortalities were observed in the two weeks preceding testing
- Fish were taken off feed 48 hours before use
- Feeding during test: none
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: two weeks preceding testing
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: Trout chow
- Feeding frequency: no data
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no mortality - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not applicable
- Hardness:
- 115 ppm as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 13 °C
- pH:
- 7.4-8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.8-10.4 ppm
- Salinity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - range-finding test: 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 ppm (nominal)
- definitive test: 1296, 2160, 3600, 6000, 10000 ppm (nominal) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM - range-finding test:
- Test vessel: polystyrene tanks (28L x 18W x 13D cm) each containing 4 liters (8cm deep) of dilution water
- Aeration: no
- Test concentrations were prepared by adding known amounts of test material directly to each tank
- Test concentrations (nominal): 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000 ppm
- dilution water control: container with 100% well water
- No. of organisms per vessel: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):1
TEST SYSTEM - definitive test:
- Test vessel: 19 liter glass carboys, each containing 15 liter (28 cm deep) of dilution water
- Aeration: no
- 5 test concentrations were prepared by adding known amounts of test material directly to each carboy
- Test concentrations (nominal): 1296, 2160, 3600, 6000, 10000 ppm
- dilution water control: container with 100% well water
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 (random assignment)
- Biological loading: ~0.71 g/L
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature were recorded every 24 hours over a 96-hours exposure period
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source of dilution water: 400' deep weel located at the Biosperics Inc. Laboratory with a quality considered acceptable for bioassay purposes
- Preparation of dilution water: aeration before use
- Alkalinity: 184 ppm as CaCO3
- Conductivity: 360 µmhos/cm
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Mortalities and any observable abnormal behaviour among the test fish were also noted and were recorded every 24 hours over a 96-hours exposure period
- fish were classified as dead when no movement of fins, gills, or body could be evoked upon disturbance of the organism
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8 500 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL: 7000-13000
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7 700 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL: 6600-9000
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 600 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 600 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 600 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 600 other: ppm
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Although mortality did occur at 2160 ppm, the normal behavior observed at 3600 ppm, as well as the absence of mortalities, led to the selection of the next higher concentration as the no- effect level.
- The single mortality at 2160 ppm appaered to be random, and was discounted in the selction of the no-effect level.
- At all concentrations tested, the test material did not immediately go into solution when added to the dilution water in each container. After 24 h, some compound remained undissolved at the highest concentration tested. At 48 h, dissolution was complete.
- Approx. 100 ml of the test solutions was drawn from each test container at 48 h and 96 h. The samples were stored at 4 °C in ployethylene bottles while awaiting shipment to the sponsor.
PROTOCOL DEVIATIONS:
- pH, alkalinity and conductivity of dilution water used for the range-finding test were below the specified levels
- these deviations will not affect the LC50 determination, whch is based on definitive test results
- the alkalinity of dilution water used in definitive testing was higher than the range specified in the protocol; this deviation shoul not impact significantly onm the test results, since stock animals are acclimated to water of the same quality - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No data
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Time (hrs)
Treatment
24
48
72
96
Control
% dead
0
0
0
0
behavior
10 – 1i*
10 – 1i
10 – 1i
10 – 1i
10000 ppm
% dead
0
10
70
90
behavior
10 – 1a
2- 2f, 3b
1 – 2f, 3b
1 – 1b
3 – 1i
1 – 3b
4 – 3b
1 – 1i
6000 ppm
% dead
10
10
10
10
behavior
9 – 1a
9 – 1i
9 – 1i
3 – 1d
6 – 1i
3600 ppm
% dead
0
0
0
0
behavior
10 – 1i
10 – 1i
10 – 1i
10 – 1i
2160 ppm
% dead
0
0
0
0
behavior
10 – 1i
9 – 1i
9 – 1i
9 – 1i
1296 ppm
% dead
0
0
0
0
behavior
10 – 1i
9 – 1i
10 – 1i
10 – 1i
1 – 3b
* First number indicates number of animals displaying behavior indetified by second number/letter code
Behavioral Response Code
1. General
2. Swimming
3. Pigmentation
4. Integument
5. Respiration
a. Quiescent
a. Ceased
a. Light discolored
a. Muccus shedding
a. Rapid
b. Hyperexcitable
b. Erratic
b. Dark discolored
b. Muccus coagulation
b. Slow
c. Irritated
c. Gyrating
c. Varidscolored
c. Hemorrhagic
c. Irregular
d. Surfacing
d. Skittering
d. Ceased
e. Sounding
e. Inverted
e. Gulping air
f. Twitsching
f. On side
f. Labored
g. Tetanous
h. Flaccid
i. Normal
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Validity criteria according to guideline fulfilled.
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 (96h) of Dicyandiamide to 4 week old rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined to be 7700 ppm based on nominal concentrations. The test was carried out under GLP conditions The NOEC (96h) was 3600 ppm. Therefore, ist can be concluded that Dicyandiamide is practically non-toxic towards 4 week old rainbow trouts under the conditions of this test.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of Dicyandiamide to fish was determined according to the method described by the “Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms, 1975”. The nominal concentrations tested were 1296, 2160, 3600, 6000, and 10000 ppm. Total exposure duration was four days.
The LC50 (96h) of Dicyandiamide to 4 week old rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss)was determined to be 7700 ppm based on nominal concentrations. The test was carried out under GLP conditions The NOEC (96h) was 3600 ppm.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Dicyandiamide is practically non-toxic towards 4 week old rainbow trouts under the conditions of this test.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The acute toxicity of Dicyandiamide was examined for young perch and rouch to various concentrations of the test substance in aerated glass aquaria for 3-4 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Perca fluviatilis and Rutilus rutilus
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- exposure duration: 3-4 days
- Duration:
- 3 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 8 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks on result:
- other: results for perch (young)
- Duration:
- 3 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 9 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks on result:
- other: results for rouch (young)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- no guideline followed
- Conclusions:
- The threshold value (first observable signs of toxicity) for young perch and rouch in this study was 8000 and 9000 mg/l, respectively.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Dicyandiamide is practically non-toxic to young perch and rouch. - Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of Dicyandiamide was examined for young perch and rouch to various concentrations of the test substance in aerated glass aquaria for 3-4 days.
The threshold value (first observable signs of toxicity) for young perch and rouch in this study was 8000 and 9000 mg/l, respectively.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Dicyandiamide is practically non-toxic to young perch and rouch.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of Dicyandiamide to fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Lepomis macrochirus) was determined according to the method described by the “Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms, 1975”.
The nominal concentrations tested on Oncorhynchus mykiss were 1296, 2160, 3600, 6000, and 10000 ppm. Total exposure duration was four days.
With Lepomis macrochirus the nominal concentrations tested were 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/l.
Nehring (1964) examined the acute toxicity of Dicyandiamide for young perch and rouch to various concentrations of the test substance in aerated glass aquaria for 3-4 days. Test concentrations are not specified.
No acute toxic effects of Dicyandiamide to fish could be observed under the conditions of the tests applied.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The LC50 (96h) of Dicyandiamide to 4 week old rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined to be 7700 ppm based on nominal concentrations. The test was carried out under GLP conditions The NOEC (96h) was 3600 ppm.
The results of the four day static fish toxicity study using Dicyandiamide are summarized below. The 24- and 48-hour LC50values were also determined.
96-hour LC50(95 % C.I.) > 1000 mg/l
Also, the results indicated a 96 h NOEC of 1000 mg/l, which was based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects at the highest concentration tested.
The threshold value (first observable signs of toxicity) for young perch and rouch in this study was 8000 and 9000 mg/l, respectively.
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