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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-159-6 | CAS number: 7440-50-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
High quality chronic single-species NOEC/(L(E)C10 values are available for 14 freshwater fish species. A chronic fish bioavailability model was developed for 2 fish speices. These NOEC/L(E)C10S and the chronic fish bioavailability model are carried forward to the risk characterisation.
High quality chronic single-species NOEC/(L(E)C10 values are available for 2 marine fish species. These NOECS are carried forward to the risk characterisation.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
NOECS for freshwater fish:
High quality chronic NOEC/(L(E) C10 values are available for 14 species: Acipenser fulvescens, Acipenser transmontanus, Cottus bairdi, Salmo trutta, Ictalurus punctatus, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis, Pimephales promelas, Pimephales notatus, Perca fluviatilis, Noemacheilus barbatulus, Catostomus commersoni; Esox lucius. In total, 110 reliable and relevant individual NOEC/(L(E)C10 values were identified. They range between 1.0 µg/l Cu forAcipenser transmontanus(endpoint growth) to 188 µg/l Cu for the perchPerca fluviatilis(endpoint mortality). The NOECs are used to derive high quality “species geometric mean” NOEC values for the most sensitive endpoint for each of the 14 species of fish. These species-specific NOEC/L(E)C10s range from 1.6 µg Cu/L (Acipenser transmontanus; growth) to 120 µg Cu/L (Noemachelius barbatulus, mortality) (ARCHE, 2022a). These values are carried forward to the PNEC derivation.
Important intra-species variability in NOEC/L(E)C10 values are observed due to differences in the physico-chemistry of the test waters. The effects data from 2 fish species,Pimephales promelas(Erickson et al., 1996; OSU, 2016a, 2016b, 2017) andOncorhynchus mykis (Waiwood and Beamish, 1979; Cremazy et al., 2017) were used to develop a chronic fish bioavailability model (ARCHE, 2022b), useful to the normalization of the NOEC/L(E)C10s and thus the reduction of the intra-species variability.
Several papers address the mechanism of action of copper after acute and/or chronic exposures: Santore et al.(2001), Handy (2003), Grosell et al.(2002) and Grosell 2007. Interestingly Grosell et al (2002) provides a mechanistic understanding of the observed higher sensitivity in smaller organisms.
Within the ecotoxicity data base, a decreased growth ofO. mykissbelow 7.8 µg Cu/l and above 16 µg Cu/l indicating an optimal concentration range for copper between 8 & 16 µg Cu /L. Below 7.8 µg Cu/L, a copper deficiency was observed (Seim et al, 1984).
NOECS for Marine fish: 13 high quality chronic single-species NOEC: L(E) C10 values are available for 2 species of marine fish. Individual NOEC: L(E) C10 values range between 55 and 123 µg Cu/L (Both values for Atherinops affinis, reproduction (hatchling growth parameters)). The retained species-specific NOECs are 55 µg Cu/L for topsmelt Atherinops affinis and 57.8 µg Cu/L forsheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegates. The database contains some records, supportive to the understanding ot f the mechanism of action on copper. Grosell (2007) provides a mechanistic understanding of the observed lesset sensitivity in estuarine environments compared to freshwater or marine environments.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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