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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP study according to Official Jounal of the European Communities No. L251 Part C: C2 Acute toxicity for Daphnia
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
- Concentrations: 10, 3, 1, 0.4, control mg/l
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: all samples were analyzed on the day taken
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Test material and dilution water were stirred in sealed vessels for 24 hrs. The mixture was then allowed to settle for 1 hr. The aqueous phase was then drawn off and used as the test medium.
- Controls: yes
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: ICI Brixham Laboratory
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): =< 24 hrs
- Method of breeding: Cultures started with animals less than 24 hours old, and discarded when 28 days old. Young are removed daily, and animals for testing removed 23 hours after last removal. Test young are from 15-28 day cultures from at least the third brood.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Daphnids are placed in fresh culture medium for at least one hour prior to test for observation.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
yes
Total exposure duration:
48 h
Post exposure observation period:
48 hrs
Hardness:
186 mg/ml CaCO3
Test temperature:
20.6-21.7°C
pH:
7.9-9.4
Dissolved oxygen:
7.9-9.4 mg/l
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 10, 3, 1, 0.4, control mg/l
Measured: 7.3, 3.2, 1.4, <1.0, <0.5 mg/l
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml glass beakers, filled with 240 ml of solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted fresh water made from Millipore filtered water made according to EPA-660/3-75-009. A soil extract was prepared by autoclaving 100 g soil/l filtered water for 15 min at 120°C. Solids are then removed by filtration and added to the fresh water at 20 ml/l.


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mobility during 15 second period at 24 and 48 hrs


Key result
Duration:
48 h
Dose descriptor:
EL50
Effect conc.:
3.2 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Basis for effect:
mobility
Remarks on result:
other: 2.6-4.0 mg/l
Key result
Duration:
24 h
Dose descriptor:
EL50
Effect conc.:
4.1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mobility
Remarks on result:
other: 3.8-4.3 mg/L
Details on results:
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: An oily sheen was observed on the surface of the highest loading treatment (67.2 mg/l) only on day 1 of the study. These were believed to have had no significant effect on the study outcome.

Nominal loading (mg/L) Daphnia Total Mortality (at 24, 48 hrs) 
control  0,0 
0.4 0,0 
1.0 0,0 
3.0 0,8
10.0 10,10 
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The 48-hr EL50 for Daphnia magna is 3.2 mg/L (WAF).
Executive summary:

This test was conducted to determine the acute aquatic toxicity of Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics to the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. 20 daphnids per concentration (10 per test vessel) were exposed to 0, 0.4, 1, 3, or 10 mg/l (WAF) of test substance. The daphnids were exposed for 48 hrs in a static test. The daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hrs after the start of exposure for mobility. Based on immobilization, the 48 -hr EL50 for Daphnia magna is 3.2 mg/l (WAF).

Description of key information

There is data available for this substance.Key data is summarized below.

The acute toxicity of C9 aromatics hydrocarbons as measured by immobility to the water flea (Daphnia magna) was evaluated in freshwater.

This test was conducted to determine the acute aquatic toxicity of Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics to the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. 20 daphnids per concentration (10 per test vessel) were exposed to 0, 0.4, 1, 3, or 10 mg/l (WAF) of test substance. The daphnids were exposed for 48 hrs in a static test. The daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hrs after the start of exposure for mobility. Based on immobilization, the 48 -hr EL50 for Daphnia magna is 3.2 mg/l (WAF).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

The data used to characterize the acute aquatic toxicity of hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics are from short-term toxicity studies with Daphnia magna following standard test guidelines.

 

This test was conducted to determine the acute aquatic toxicity of Hydrocarbons, C9, aromatics to the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. 20 daphnids per concentration (10 per test vessel) were exposed to 0, 0.4, 1, 3, or 10 mg/l (WAF) of test substance. The daphnids were exposed for 48 hrs in a static test. The daphnids were observed at 24 and 48 hrs after the start of exposure for mobility. Based on immobilization, the 48 -hr EL50 for Daphnia magna is 3.2 mg/l (WAF).

 

In the WAF methodology, different loadings of the substance are added to the test medium and equilibrium between the water and the hydrocarbons is achieved according to their specific water solubility. The hydrocarbon concentrations at equilibrium will be characteristic of the loading of the substance, and therefore toxicity values from WAF studies are expressed as effect loadings or lethal loadings (EL or LL), not as concentrations. These effect loadings are used to determine environmental classifications. The WAF methodology is widely accepted for the testing of complex hydrocarbon substances and other UVCBs, and it has been incorporated in different guidance documents, including the REACH guidance.