γ-butyrolactone

Toxicity to birds

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to birds: acute oral toxicity test

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-guideline, non-GLP, study by a government agency that is well documented in peer reviewed journal and is suitable for evaluating the acute toxicity to birds but does not inform on long-term or reproductive toxicity.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The Acute Oral Toxicity, Repellency, and Hazard Potential of 998 Chemicals to One or More Species of Wild and Domestic Birds

Author:

Schafer, E.W., et. al

Year:

1983

Bibliographic source:

Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 12, 355-382

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

As reported by DeCino, T.J., et. al., The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Apr., 1966), pp. 249-253. The acute oral toxicity to wild-trapped red-winged black birds (Agetaius phoeniceus) was determined by intubating a solution of propylene glycol, with the exact microliter dosage calculated according to bird weight and toxicant concentration. Dosage levels were administered in quarter-log steps with four to six birds tested at each level. After being dosed, individual birds were held in the laboratory and observed daily for 7 days, or until death. Birds were preconditioned to captivity for 2 to 6 weeks before initial dosing.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

γ-butyrolactone

EC Number:

202-509-5

EC Name:

γ-butyrolactone

Cas Number:

96-48-0

Molecular formula:

C4H6O2

IUPAC Name:

dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Dose method:

gavage

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and analysis of diet:

Propylene glycol used as vehicle

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

other: Agetaius phoeniceus

Details on test organisms:

Agetaius phoeniceus (red-winged blackbird)

Study design

Post exposure observation period:

7 days

No. of animals per sex per dose and/or stage:

4 to 6

Nominal and measured doses / concentrations:

Quarter-log steps, presumably: 1.8; 3.2; 5.6; 10; 17.8; 31.6; 56.2; and 100 mg/kg bw.

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 100 mg/kg bw

Conc. / dose based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Repellency factors (if applicable):

No reported for this substance