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Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
From Mar. 07, 1983 to Aug. 12, 1983
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to other study

Data source

Referenceopen allclose all

Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1984
Report date:
1984
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Predicted no-effect concentrations and risk characterization of four surfactants: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylated sulfates, and soap.
Author:
van de Plassche, E.J., de Bruijn, J.H.M., Stephenson, R.R., Marshall, S.J., Feijtel, T.C.J. and Belanger, S.E.
Year:
1999
Bibliographic source:
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 18:2653-2663.

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: Comotto (1982), and Mount & Norberg (1983)
Deviations:
no
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Not applicable
GLP compliance:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13-alkyl derivs., sodium salts
EC Number:
270-115-0
EC Name:
Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13-alkyl derivs., sodium salts
Cas Number:
68411-30-3
Molecular formula:
C16-19 H25-31 Na O3 S
IUPAC Name:
sodium 4-undecylbenzenesulfonate
Details on test material:
- Name of test material: C11.8 Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) (TSIN # X0029.01)
- Substance type: Pure active substance
- Physical state: Opaque paste
- Stability under test conditions: Not reported
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in a sealed container
- Other:
- Molecular weight: 345
- Solubility: freely water soluble
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
N/A

Test solutions

Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION:
- Test solutions were prepared by adding the test material from a stock solution, prepared in deionized water, to the test water.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):
Ceriodaphnia sp.
Details on test organisms:
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: Not reported
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: The standard chronic invert test uses Daphnia magna, and is 21 days. Ceriodaphnia, another water flea, is an alternate to Daphnia magna. The Ceriodaphnia chronic test is 7 days. Ceriodaphnia is similar in sensitivity to Daphnia.
- Source: Not reported
- Age of parental stock: Neonate Ceriodaphnia (¿24 h old)
- Feeding during test: Yes
- Food type: Diet of baker's yeast, or a mixture of algae, trout chow and alfalfa.
- Amount: Feeding amount was same as of stock cultures
- Frequency: Feeding frequency was same as of stock cultures

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Acclimated to test conditions (water/diet) combination for at least two generations.
- Acclimation conditions: Same as test
- Type and amount of food: Type of food was same as used during test
- Feeding frequency: Not reported
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Not reported

METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: Not reported

Study design

Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
7 d
Post exposure observation period:
None

Test conditions

Hardness:
Average total hardness: 110± 9 mg/L as CaCO3
Test temperature:
Temperature was same as described for stock cultures
pH:
Average pH: 7.4±0.2
Dissolved oxygen:
Average dissolved oxygen: 9.7±0.8 mg/L
Salinity:
N/A
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7 mg a.i./L
Details on test conditions:
TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel: 50 mL beaker
- Type: Open
- Material: 50 mL glass beaker containing 30 mL of test solution
- Aeration: No (static-renewal test)
- Renewal rate of test solution: all test chambers were renewed with fresh test solution three times during the test procedure (on Day 2, 4 and 6)
- No. of organisms per vessel: One
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Ten
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Ten
- Biomass loading rate: 1 daphnid/30 mL test solution

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Ohio River water
- Total suspended solids: 87 mg/L
- Total organic carbon: Not reported
- Particulate matter: Not reported
- Metals: Not reported
- Pesticides: Not reported
- Chlorine: Not reported
- Alkalinity: Not reported
- Ca/mg ratio: Not reported
- Conductivity: Not reported
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH and dissolved oxygen content of fresh and used test solutions were routinely monitored.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Same as of stock cultures
- Light intensity: Same as of stock cultures

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Percent mortality, total reproduction, first day of reproduction, reproduction/individual, # of broods, brood size. All parameters were measured daily.

RANGE-FINDING STUDY: No

Results and discussion

Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
5.34 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: CL=4.3-7.6; Ceriodaphnia were fed the yeast diet
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
> 5 - < 7 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Remarks on result:
other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the algae-trout chow diet
Key result
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.5 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Remarks:
brood size
Remarks on result:
other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the yeast diet
Key result
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
5 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: mortality and reproduction
Remarks on result:
other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the algae-trout chow diet
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
1 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Remarks on result:
other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the yeast diet
Duration:
7 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
7 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
act. ingr.
Basis for effect:
other: mortality and reproduction
Remarks on result:
other: Ceriodaphnia were fed the algae-trout chow diet
Details on results:
- Mortality of parent animals: For details on mortality, refer to `Table 1¿ and `Table 2¿ under 'Any other information on results incl. tables' section.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: See Tables 1,2 below
- Type and number of morphological abnormalities: Not reported
- Type and number of behavioural abnormalities: Not reported
- Number of males and females (parental): Not reported
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch: 4-5 days in control
- Egg development time: Not reported
- Brood size: Please refer Table 1 and 2 under 'Any other information on results incl. table' section
- Time to sexual maturity: Not reported
- Type and magnitude of biochemical changes: Not reported
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No
Results with reference substance (positive control):
N/A
Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Probit analysis was used to calculate LC50 values and associated 95 % confidence interval.
- Chi-square techniques was used for survival analysis.
- ANOVA technique was used for reproduction parameters.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1. Chronic toxicity of LAS to Ceriodaphnia Sp.: Ohio River Water, yeast Diet (Study # 29717)

Concentration

Total reproduction (per 10 daphnids)

Percent mortality

First day of reproduction

Reproduction per daphnid

# of Broods

Brood size

0

229

0

4.0

22.9

2.9

8.0

0.5

208@

0

3.9

20.8

2.9

7.3

1.0

178

0

4.0

17.8

2.9

6.1*

2.0

145

10

4.0

16.1*

3.0

5.4*

3.5

78

10

4.4

8.7*

2.4

3.4*

5.0

8

10

6.6*

0.9*

0.6*

1.8*

7.0

0

100*

-

-

-

-

* Significantly different from control (P<0.05)

@ Adjusted from 166 (n=8) to 208 (n=10)

 

Table 2. Chronic toxicity of LAS to Ceriodaphnia Sp.: Ohio River Water, algae-TC Diet (Study # 29717)

Concentration

Total reproduction (per 10 daphnids)

Percent mortality

First day of reproduction

Reproduction per daphnid

# of Broods

Brood size

0

87

10

4.7

9.7

2.4

4.0

0.5

69

0

5.0

6.9

2.1

3.4

1.0

32

10

5.6*

3.6*

1.4*

2.4*

2.0

42

0

5.0

4.2*

1.8

2.2*

3.5

82

0

5.6*

8.2

2.0

4.2

5.0

104

0

4.7

11.6

2.3

4.9

7.0

15

100*

4.0

5.0*

-

5.0

* Significantly different from control (P<0.05)

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:
not applicable
Conclusions:
The effect of C11.8 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) on Ceriodaphnia was evaluated in a 7-day chronic toxicity test in river water. The NOEC, based on mortality and reproduction, was 0.5 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L for Ceriodaphnia fed a yeast or algae/trout chow diet, respectively. Results are based on nominal concentration of test substance (active ingredient).
Executive summary:

A 7-day chronic toxicity test of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (C11.8 LAS) was conducted with Ceriodaphnia sp under semi-static conditions. The test medium was Ohio River water, and the Ceriodaphnia were fed either a yeast diet, or an algae/trout chow diet. The test medium was renewed 3x/7 days.

The nominal test concentrations were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, 5 and 7 mg/L of active ingredient. Mortality and reproduction were monitored daily.  Results are based on the nominal concentration of the test substance. The 7 -day LC50 values were 5 -7 mg/L for both diets.

The 7 -day chronic NOECs may be summarized as follows:

Diet                            NOEC (mg/L)                    Based on

Yeast                            0.5                                   Reproduction

Algae-Trout chow       5.0                                   Mortality and Reproduction

The chronic toxicity of LAS, in this 7 -day Ceriodaphnia test, compared quite favorably with the chronic toxicity of LAS in 21-day Daphnia magna tests. The data are for a C11.8 LAS and when normalized to a C11.6 LAS, the NOEC is 0.59 mg/L (method: van de Plassche et al., 1999).