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EC number: 273-266-0 | CAS number: 68955-29-3 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by the distillation of products from a thermal cracking process. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons, primarily benzene.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Guidance on Safe Use
Administrative data
First-aid measures
- May cause cancer.
- Product is genotoxic.
- Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
- Causes eye and skin irritation.
- Irritating to the respiratory system. Signs of eye, throat, and respiratory tract irritation (cough and difficulty breathing), CNS depression (fatigue, dizziness, headache, collapse, coma and death) and possible cardiac sensitization may occur after exposure to high vapor concentrations
- Aspiration into the lungs during swallowing or vomiting can cause lung damage, possibly leading to chronic lung dysfunction or death.
- Possible cardiac sensitization.
- Suspected of damaging the unborn child.
- Repeated exposures to very high concentrations of vapor may cause ototoxicity.
General advice :
- Always observe self protection methods.
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, avoid direct contact.
- Move out of dangerous area.
- Remove contaminated shoes and clothing.
- Get medical attention immediately.
- Show the material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Inhalation :
- Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
- Do not leave the victim unattended.
- Immediate medical attention is required.
- Keep patient warm and at rest.
- If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
- If unconscious place in recovery position and seek medical advice.
- In the event of unconsciousness, apnea or cardiac arrest (no pulse) apply cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Skin contact :
- Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
- In case of contact, immediately flush skin with soap and plenty of water.
- Seek medical attention if ill effect or irritation develops.
- Wash contaminated clothing before re-use.
Eye contact :
- In case of eye contact, remove contact lens and rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
- Get medical attention immediately.
Ingestion :
- Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water.
- DO NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting does occur, have victim lean forward to reduce risk of aspiration. Get medical attention immediately.
- Do not give milk or alcoholic beverages.
- Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Advice to Physician :
- Treat symptomatically.
- Treatment of overexposure should be directed at the control of symptoms and the clinical condition of the patient.
- Signs of eye, throat, and respiratory tract irritation (cough and difficulty breathing), CNS depression (fatigue, dizziness, headache, collapse, coma and death) and possible cardiac sensitization may occur after exposure to high vapor concentrations.
- Moderate to severe eye irritant.
- Causes moderate skin irritation.
- Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
- Symptoms following ingestion include vomiting, loss of coordination, shallow/rapid pulse, loss of concentration, delirium, chemical pneumonitis, initial CNS stimulation followed by CNS depression, dizziness, pallor, flushing, weakness, headache.
- Do NOT induce vomiting.
- Aspiration may cause pulmonary edema and pneumonitis.
- Consider activated charcoal and/or gastric lavage.
- Gastric lavage is indicated in those patients who require decontamination. Be sure that an endotracheal tube is in place prior to lavage; use cuffed tubes in patients over 7 years of age.
- Epinephrine and other sympathomimetic drugs may initiate cardiac arrhythmias (irregular beating) in persons exposed to this material.
- For streams containing styrene, ethylbenzene, and toluene: May cause hearing loss.
Fire-fighting measures
Small fires :
- Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Large fires :
- Use water spray, water fog or regular foam.
Unsuitable extinguishing media :
- Do not use a solid water stream as it may scatter and spread fire.
Specific hazards during fire-fighting :
- Keep away from all ignition sources
- This material releases flammable vapors at well below ambient temperatures and may form flammable mixtures with air.
- When mixed with air and exposed to ignition source, vapors can burn in open or explode if confined.
- Vapors may travel long distances along the ground before reaching a source of ignition and flashing back.
- Diluting with water may not suffice to raise flash point above ambient temperatures.
- Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
- Containers can build up pressure if exposure to heat; cool with flooding quantities of water until well after the fire is out.
- Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
- Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
- Heat may build enough pressure to rupture closed containers/spreading fire/increasing risk of burns/injuries.
- Always stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
- For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
- Sustained fire attack on vessels may result in a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion *BLEVE).
- Notify authorities immediately if liquid enters sewer/public waters.
- Fire residues and contaminated fire extinguishing water must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations.
Special protection equipment for fire-fighters :
- Wear an approved positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus and firefighter turnout gear.
- Structural firefighters protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Accidental release measures
- Use personal protective equipment.
- Ensure adequate ventilation.
- Eliminate all sources of ignition.
- Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Land spillage :
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Spillages in water or at sea :
- If the product contaminates rivers and lakes or drains inform respective authorities.
Methods for cleaning up :
-Highly flammable liquid and vapor.
- Notify fire and environmental authorities
- Release can cause fire/explosion/health/environmental hazards.
- Eliminate all sources of ignition.
- Evacuate/limit access.
- Ensure adequate ventilation.
- All equipment used when handling this product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
- Contain spillage, and then collect with non-combustible absorbent material, (e.g. sand, earth, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite) and place in container for disposal according to local / national regulations.
- For larger spillages on water contain with booms or barriers, use surface acting agents to thicken spilled materials.
- Remove trapped material with suction hoses.
Handling and storage
Advice on safe handling :
- For industrial use only.
- Use only non-sparking tools.
- Carefully vent any internal pressure before removing closure.
- Metal containers involved in the transfer of this material should be grounded and bonded.
- Wear recommended personal protective equipment.
- Do not overfill containers which may burst on freezing.
- Thaw frozen containers only at room temperature.
- Containers must be properly grounded before beginning transfer.
- All equipment must conform to applicable electrical code.
- Handle used containers with care - residue is flammable/poisonous.
- Isolate, vent, drain, wash and purge systems or equipment before maintenance or repair.
- Extinguish all ignition sources.
- Check atmosphere for explosiveness and oxygen deficiencies.
- If any residual product may be present, total encapsulating impervious protective suits, gloves, and boots should be worn.
- Observe precautions pertaining to confined space entry.
- Provide grounding/equipment conforming to electrical codes.
- Bonding and grounding measures may not be enough if nonconductive flammable liquids are involved.
- Do not pressurize or expose empty containers to open flame, sparks, or heat.
- Keep container tightly closed when not in use.
- Keep in properly labeled containers.
Fire-fighting class :
- Highly flammable liquid and vapor.
Storage
Requirements for storage areas and containers :
- Store only in tightly closed, properly vented containers away from heat, sparks, open flame and strong oxidizing agents.
- Store closed drums with bung in up position.
- Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or room.
- Avoid breathing vapors in top of shipping container; may contain a known human carcinogen.
- Vapor space above stored liquid may be flammable/explosive unless blanketed with inert gas.
- Keep container tightly closed and properly labeled.
Transport information
Land transport (UN RTDG/ADR/RID)
- UN number:
- UN-Number : 1268
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Inland waterway transport (UN RTDG/ADN(R))
- UN number:
- UN-Number : 1268
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Marine transport (UN RTDG/IMDG)
- UN number:
- UN-Number : 1268
Shipping information
- Proper shipping name and description:
- Description of the goods : Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. (Benzene, Toluene)
- Labels:
- Labels : 3
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Exposure controls / personal protection
- Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits.
Personal protective equipment:
Respiratory protection :
- In case of dusts/vapours/aerosols being formed or if the limit values like TLV are exceeded:
- Wear a respirator conforming to EN 140 with Type A filter or better.
- Consider the maximum period for wear.
Hand protection :
- Wear chemical resistant gloves such as:
- Glove material fluoroelastomer; material thickness 0.4 mm; break through time ≥ 480 min. Gloves must be replaced after 8 hours of wear.
- The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the European norm standard EN 374.
- The suitability for a specific workplace should be discussed with the producers of the protective gloves.
- Gloves should be discarded and replaced if there is any indication of degradation or chemical breakthrough.
Eye protection :
- Eye protection such as chemical splash goggles and/or face shield must be worn when possibility exists for eye contact due to splashing or spraying liquid, airborne particles, or vapor.
- The selected goggles or glasses must satisfy the European norm standard EN 166.
Skin and body protection :
- When skin contact is possible, protective clothing including gloves, apron, sleeves, boots, head and face protection should be worn.
- The selected protective clothing has to satisfy the standard EN 13034, which describes clothing offering limited 8 hour protection against splashes.
- Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place.
- Use PPE that is chemical resistant to the product and prevents skin contact.
- Fire retardant clothing is appropriate for routine occupational use.
Hygiene measures :
- Selection of appropriate personal protective equipment should be based on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the protective equipment relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and/or potential hazards that may be encountered during use.
- Emergency eye wash fountains and safety showers should be available in the immediate vicinity of any potential exposure.
- Use good personal hygiene practices.
- Wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking, or using toilet facilities.
- Remove and wash contaminated clothing before re-use.
Environmental exposure controls
- If necessary, all contaminated waste water must be treated in a municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plant before release to surface water.
- Chemical removal by air and water pollution control devices must meet the minimum efficiency requirements needed to reduce exposures to an acceptable level.
- The discharge of treatment plant effluent to rivers and oceans must achieve the dilution ratio needed to reduce exposures to an acceptable level.
- The size and capacity of wastewater treatment plants must meet the minimum requirements needed to reduce exposures to an acceptable level.
- Waste management practices such as incineration, recycling, reuse must be enforced as needed to reduce exposures to an acceptable level.
- External treatment and disposal of waste should comply with applicable local and/or national regulations.
- The maximum allowable site tonnage and days of use should be below the number needed to maintain exposures at an acceptable level.
Stability and reactivity
- Heat, sparks, open flame, other ignition sources, oxidizing conditions, and freezing temperatures.
Materials to avoid :
- Halogens (bromine, chlorine, fluorine).
- Strong oxidizing agents.
- Acids
- Bases
Hazardous decomposition products :
- Excessive heating and/or incomplete combustion may produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other harmful substances.
Thermal decomposition :
- Incomplete combustion will form carbon monoxide and other toxic vapors.
Hazardous reactions :
- Not expected to occur.
- The product is stable.
- Note: For streams containing high levels of Butadiene or Styrene Monomer.
- Polymerization may take place at elevated temperatures or in the presence of oxidizers. The formation of popcorn polymer can build sufficient mechanical force to rupture process equipment. - Polymer may also plug safety venting devices.
Disposal considerations
- Landfill solids at permitted sites.
- Use registered transporters.
- Burn concentrated liquids.
- Avoid flame-outs.
- Assure emissions comply with applicable regulations.
- Familiarize personnel with proper use of respiratory protection equipment.
- Avoid waste contact/breathing harmful vapors.
- Dilute aqueous waste, free of floating oil, may biodegrade.
- Avoid overloading/poisoning plant biomass.
- Comply with applicable local, state or international regulations concerning solid or hazardous waste disposal and/or container disposal.
- Contaminated product, soil, water, container residues and spill cleanup materials may be hazardous wastes.
- Contaminated product, soil or water should be considered dangerous due to potential evolution of flammable vapor.
- Proper grounding procedures to avoid static electricity should be followed.
- The product should not be allowed to enter drains, water courses or the soil.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.